Breaking Ocean Waves Geometry, Structure, and Remote Sensing
This book represents the most comprehensive description of the physical findings of an investigation into the spatio-temporal characteristics of the gravity of breaking waves and the foam activity in open sea by methods and instruments of optical and micr
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Geometry, Structure, and Remote Sensing
Eugene A. Sharkov
Breaking Ocean Waves Geometry, Structure, and Remote Sensing
Published in association with
Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK
Professor Eugene A. Sharkov Space Research Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN GEOPHYSICAL SCIENCES SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: Philippe Blondel, C.Geol., F.G.S., Ph.D., M.Sc., Senior Scientist, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK
ISBN 978-3-540-29827-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2007928830 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2007 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project management: Originator Publishing Services Ltd, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xvii
List of ®gures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xix
List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxiii
List of abbreviations and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xxv
1
2
Introduction and rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Breaking ocean waves in the atmosphere±ocean system . 1.1.1 Wave dynamics at wave breaking . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Energy exchange at wave breaking . . . . . . . . . 1.1.3 Gas exchange in the ocean±atmosphere system . 1.2 Breaking ocean waves and microwave remote sensing . . 1.3 Classi®cation of investigation techniques: methodology of ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . experi. . . . . . . . . .
1 1 1 2 4 5
Spatial stochastic breaking wave ®elds in the atmosphere±ocean system . 2.1 Statement of the problem of studying the spatial stochastic structure of breaking waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Technique and condi
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