Buffalo dung-inhabiting bacteria enhance the nutrient enrichment of soil and proximate contents of Foeniculum vulgare Mi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Buffalo dung‑inhabiting bacteria enhance the nutrient enrichment of soil and proximate contents of Foeniculum vulgare Mill Sandhya Dhiman1 · Nitin Baliyan1 · Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari1 Received: 16 April 2020 / Revised: 31 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study was aimed to study the effect of bacteria inhabiting in buffalo dung on nutritional properties of soil and plant. Three beneficial bacteria Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter xiangfangensis were isolated from buffalo dung to evaluate for their effects individually as well as in consortium. The combined effect of P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa showed a significant enhancement in different biological parameters of Foeniculum vulgare such as primary branch (99.32%), secondary branch (98.32%), number of umbels (87.62%), number of umbellets (99.85%), number of seeds (104.94%), grain yield (62.38%), biological yield (35.99%), and harvest index (19.48%). Consortium of these potent bacteria also enhanced proximate constituents such as total ash (49.79%), ether extract (63.06%), crude fibre (48.91%), moisture content (33.40%), dry matter (31.45%), acid insoluble ash (33.20%), and crude protein (40.73%). A highly significant correlation (p ≤ 0.01) was found between nitrogen (r = 0.97), phosphorous (r = 0.95), and potassium (r = 0.97) contents of soil. This research enhances the knowledge of the effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria on nutrient properties of soil and fennel which deliver a new index for healthier use in organic agricultural practices. Keywords Buffalo dung · Plant parameters · Proximate complete analysis · Soil correlation
Introduction Today’s world requires sustainable agro-ecosystem as agriculture plays a significant part to generate income of many emerging countries, also besides ensuring food security and employment as food security and climate change are emerging issues all over the world which resulted in increasing pressure on higher production of major crops (Springmann et al. 2016; Yadav et al. 2018). By 2050, the world’s population woud reach around 10 billion from 6 billion which shows an increment of 4 billion people over the present population (Searchinger et al. ). There are different habitats where many microorganisms exist in, interact, and compete for nutrients and niches frequently under diverse sets of circumstances. Sustainable crop production demands the use of fertilizers due to loss of soil fertility. Dung is one of the best Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt . * Sandhya Dhiman [email protected] 1
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
sinks of microorganisms that established micro-niche in the rhizosphere. The economy of India depends chiefly on agricultural activities and a little bit on livestock from ancient times; therefore, the consumption of natural resources for own benefit is an extremely important issue. However
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