Bupivacaine suppresses the progression of gastric cancer through regulating circ_0000376/miR-145-5p axis
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Bupivacaine suppresses the progression of gastric cancer through regulating circ_0000376/miR-145-5p axis Changqiao Ju1, Jia Zhou2, Hui Miao3, Xin Chen1 and Qingyu Zhang1*
Abstract Background: Local anesthetic Bupivacaine commonly used in gastric cancer resection operation has been reported to suppress the progression of gastric cancer. However, the specific mechanism by which Bupivacaine functions is largely unexplored. Methods: The viability and metastasis of gastric cancer cells were assessed by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay and transwell migration and invasion assays. The apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 activity detection assay and flow cytometry. The glycolysis was analyzed through detecting the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) via Seahorse XF 96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer and the expression of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) and lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) via Western blot assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the expression of circular RNA 0000376 (circ_0000376) and microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p). The interaction between circ_0000376 and miR-145-5p was predicted using Circular RNA Interactome database and validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: Bupivacaine restrained the viability, metastasis and glycolytic process while promoted the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Bupivacaine decreased the level of circ_0000376 while enhanced the abundance of miR-145-5p in gastric cancer cells. Circ_0000376 accelerated the malignant behaviors of gastric cancer cells. MiR-145-5p directly interacted with circ_0000376 in gastric cancer cells, and miR-145-5p was negatively regulated by circ_0000376. The addition of circ_0000376 or the interference of miR-145-5p partly reversed Bupivacaine-mediated influences in gastric cancer cells. Conclusion: Bupivacaine exerted an anti-tumor role to suppress the progression of gastric cancer through reducing the abundance of circ_0000376 and up-regulating miR-145-5p. Keywords: Gastric cancer, Bupivacaine, circ_0000376, miR-145-5p, Progression, Glycolysis
Background Gastric cancer is a common malignancy globally [1]. Surgical resection and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori are the important treatment methods for gastric cancer [2, 3]. Nevertheless, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients at advanced stage remains dismal due to the metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, finding novel * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang, No. 51 Kangjia Street, Aimin District, Mudanjiang City 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
biomarkers with high specificity and high sensitivity is indispensable for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. Accumulating articles have pointed out that the type of anesthetic used in surgery might affect the long-term outcomes of diseases [4, 5]. Clinical researches also reported that local anesthesia suppressed the r
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