Burnout and engagement among PhD students in medicine: the BEeP study
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Perspect Med Educ https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-020-00637-6
Burnout and engagement among PhD students in medicine: the BEeP study Rashmi A. Kusurkar · Stéphanie M. E. van der Burgt · Ulviye Isik · Marianne Mak-van der Vossen Janneke Wilschut · Anouk Wouters · Andries S. Koster
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Received: 3 July 2020 / Revised: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Introduction Using a self-determination theory framework, we investigated burnout and engagement among PhD students in medicine, and their association with motivation, work-life balance and satisfaction or frustration of their basic psychological needs. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted among PhD students at a university medical centre (n = 990) using an electronic survey on background characteristics and validated burnout, engagement, motivation and basic psychological needs questionnaires. Cluster analysis was performed on the burnout Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-020-00637-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Editor’s Note: Commentary by Inge van der Weijden, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-020-00639-4 R. A. Kusurkar () · S. M. E. van der Burgt · U. Isik · M. Mak-van der Vossen · A. Wouters Amsterdam UMC, Research in Education, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [email protected] R. A. Kusurkar · U. Isik · M. Mak-van der Vossen · A. Wouters LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands S. M. E. van der Burgt Center for Evidence Based Education, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands J. Wilschut Dutch Institute of Clinical Auditing, Leiden, The Netherlands A. S. Koster Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
subscale scores to find subgroups within the sample which had similar profiles on burnout. Structural equation modelling was conducted on a hypothesized model of frustration of basic psychological needs and burnout. Results The response rate was 47% (n = 464). We found three clusters/subgroups which were composed of PhD students with similar burnout profiles within the cluster and different profiles between the clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 199, 47%) had low scores on burnout. Clusters 2 (n = 168, 40%) and 3 (n = 55, 13%) had moderate and high burnout scores, respectively, and were associated with low engagement scores. Cluster 3, with the highest burnout scores, was associated with the lowest motivational, engagement, needs satisfaction and work-life balance scores. We found a good fit for the “basic psychological needs frustration associated with burnout” model. Discussion The most important variables for burnout among PhD students in medicine were lack of sleep and frustration of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. These add to the factors found in the literature. Keywords Burnout · Motiv
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