Burnout level and associated factors in a sub-Saharan African medical setting: prospective cross-sectional survey
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Burnout level and associated factors in a sub-Saharan African medical setting: prospective cross-sectional survey Jean-Rodolphe Mackanga1,2*, Emeline Gracia Mouendou Mouloungui2, Josaphat Iba-ba2, Pierre Pottier3, Jean-Baptiste Moussavou Kombila2 and Jean-Bruno Boguikouma2
Abstract Background: Burnout in the hospital environment is a problem that affects care and training. Often explored in the high-income medical context, burnout is poorly studied in low and middle-income countries characterized by a precarious hospital situation and a high stake linked to the Millennium Development Goals. The aim of our study was to determine in medical practitioners, in a sub-Saharan African country’s medical context, the burnout level and associated factors. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study by using a self-administered Likert-scale questionnaire addressed to doctors and doctoral medical students in Gabon. Maslach Burnout Inventory scale has been used. Burnout symptoms were defined by high level in at least one of the 3 dimensions. Severe burnout defined by high level in all dimensions. Explored factors: socio-demographic and psychometric. Multiple logistic regression has been performed. Results: Among 104 participants, severe burnout prevailed at 1.9% (95% CI: 0.2–6.8%) and burnout symptoms at 34.6% (95% CI: 25, 6–44.6%). The associated factors with burnout symptoms: age (OR = 0.86, p = 0.004), clinical activity in a university hospital center (OR = 5.19, p = 0.006), the easy access to the hospital (OR = 0.59, p = 0.012), number of elderly dependents living with the practitioner (OR = 0.54, p = 0.012), place of residence (same borough where the hospital is located: OR = 4.09, p = 0.039) and to be favorable to traditional medicine (OR = 1.82, p = 0.087). Nagelkerke’s R-squared:53.1%. Conclusion: In Gabon, middle-income country, almost one practitioner in two has burnout symptoms. The young age, the university hospital center, the difficulty to access to hospital and to live in the borough where the hospital is located increase the probability of burnout symptoms. These results must put question to relevant authorities regarding health and medical education, to set up: a public transport for practitioners, an optimal primary health care system, a regulation of medical tasks in hospitals, a training in clinical supervision. Keywords: Burnout, Factors, Gabon, Medical setting, Prevalence
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Center for Training and Research in Pedagogy of Health Sciences - Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschlager, F-67085 Strasbourg, France 2 Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Health Sciences, Libreville, post box 4009, Libreville, Gabon Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as
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