Factors Associated with Smoking Relapse in the Early Postpartum Period: A Prospective Longitudinal Study in Spain
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Factors Associated with Smoking Relapse in the Early Postpartum Period: A Prospective Longitudinal Study in Spain M. Carmen Míguez1 · Beatriz Pereira2 Accepted: 4 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives A high proportion of women who quit smoking during pregnancy relapse during the postpartum period. However, research on smoking relapse in the early postpartum period is scarce. The aims of this study were to estimate rates of smoking relapse at 2 months postpartum and to analyze the factors (sociodemographic, psychological and pregnancy- and tobacco-related variables) involved in relapse and maintenance of abstinence. Methods Eight hundred and fifty-three pregnant women in Spain were interviewed in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and 2 months postpartum. Assessment included administration of an ad hoc questionnaire, to obtain socio-demographic and obstetric data and determine tobacco consumption status, the State Anxiety Inventory and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Biochemical tests were used to confirm smoking abstinence at each assessment. The study sample consisted of 125 women who smoked before becoming pregnant and who had spontaneously quit smoking during pregnancy. Results At 2 months postpartum, 17.6% of the sample had relapsed. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the women significantly most likely to relapse in the early postpartum period were those who quit smoking later than the first month of pregnancy (OR = 18.51), those with high levels of anxiety (OR = 6.15) and those who smoked more cigarettes before pregnancy (OR = 4.91). Discussion The moment of smoking cessation during pregnancy, the level of consumption prior to pregnancy and anxiety levels should be considered in interventions aimed at maintaining smoking abstinence in pregnant women and preventing postpartum relapse. Keywords Postpartum · Pregnancy · Smoking relapse · Risk factors
Significance A high proportion of women who quit smoking during pregnancy relapse during the postpartum period. This study, which uses a prospective longitudinal design and biochemically validated smoking abstinence to control for social desirability bias, adds to the limited literature on rates of smoking relapse in the early postpartum period. Moreover, * M. Carmen Míguez [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
2
the study evaluates the factors associated with smoking relapse in early postpartum period by simultaneously testing the most relevant risk factors in a sample, rather than considering these factors separately, as in other studies. The study findings may facilitate the development of more targeted and effective interventions to prevent relapse after childbirt
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