Ca 2+ - in vivo doped biosilica from living Thalassiosira weissflogii diatoms: investigation on Saos-2 biocompatibility
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Ca2+-in vivo doped biosilica from living Thalassiosira weissflogii diatoms: investigation on Saos-2 biocompatibility G. Leone1, D. Vona1, M. Lo Presti1, L. Urbano1, S. Cicco2, R. Gristina3, F. Palumbo3, R. Ragni1, G. M. Farinola*1 1
Dipartimento di Chimica, Università. degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”. Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. 2 CNR ICCOM, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy 3 CNR NANOTECH, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
ABSTRACT Diatoms represent a natural source of mesoporous silica whose applications range from biomedical to photonic fields. Porous hierarchically organized micro structures, the biosilica shells called frustules, can be obtained by removal of the organic biological matter from the unicellular living algae. Diatoms frustules have been investigated as scaffold for bone tissue growth taking advantage of their nanostructured surface and of the possibility to chemically modify the biosilica. Here we report on an easy way to calcium-doped biosilica supports for bone tissue regeneration by in vivo feeding the algae. FTIR and EDX analyses confirmed the incorporation of calcium into the mesopouros biosilica. Cell viability studies showed an ameliorative effect on the Saos-2 cells spreading compared with the cells grown on nondoped biosilica supports. INTRODUCTION Over the past few decades, silica substrates and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), fully biocompatible and highly porous materials, have attracted considerably the scientific community for their potential applications, especially for biomedical studies. [1-3] However the production of mesoporous structures requires time and use of expensive and sometimes toxic materials. Nature represents a possible source of inspiration as a solution de facto: living organisms are able to create complex and functional structures, with particular features of high technological interest, which are artificially irreproducible, even at high costs. Among the various organisms carrying out complex biomineralization processes, the interest of the scientific community has been intensively caught over the last decades by a particular type of photosynthetic microalgae: diatoms. Diatoms are photosynthetic microalgae which are able to produce finely ornate silica shells with a species-specific organization of pores through a biomineralization process leading to highly symmetrical and regularly size-distributed structures. [4] These refined biosilica shells called frustules exhibits a Petri dish-like structure with two valves and surrounding girdles which totally form the entire box-like structure. [5,6] Frustules can be envisaged as a natural source of mesoporous biosilica. In particular, after optimized diatoms growth, a nearly-monodisperse porous biosilica shells (called frustules) can be produced. This is possible after the removal of the organic matter from living diatoms cells via specific protocols which maintain the biosilica nanostructure while at the same time remove all the biological matter. [7] Applications of cleaned frustules from living diat
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