Investigation of biocompatibility on nitrogen-doped a-C:H film coating scaffold surface in in-vivo and in-vitro tests
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Investigation of biocompatibility on nitrogen-doped a-C:H film coating scaffold surface in in-vivo and in-vitro tests Yasuharu Ohgoe1, Tomoaki Wada1, Yasuyuki Shiraishi2, Hidekazu Miura2, Kenji K. Hirakuri3, Akio Funakubo1, Tomoyuki Yambe2, and Yasuhiro Fukui1 1 Division of Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0394 Japan 2 Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Seiryo-machi 4-1, Aoba-ku Sendai, 980-8575 Japan 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Senju Asahi-cho 5, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-8551 Japan ABSTRACT In this study, in order to investigate biocompatibility of nitrogen-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H:N) film coating segmented polyurethane (SPU) scaffold fiber sheet (aC:H:N-Scaffold) in in-vitro test, mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) cells were grown on the a-C:H:NScaffold. The cell behavior was monitored by time-lapse imaging system. Additionally, the aC:H:N-Scaffold was implanted at partial aorta descendens of a goat for 35 days. The surface morphology, composition, and wettability of the a-C:H:N-scaffold was estimated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and contact angle measurement. In in-vitro test, it was observed that a-C:H:N film coating had a facilitatory effect on cell motility and cell growth. In in-vivo test, it was observed that the a-C:H:N-Scaffold surface was uniformly covered by neointima. The a-C:H:N-Scaffold surface had no thrombus formation as an inflammatory reaction and it was shown that the a-C:H:N film coating had a good blood compatibility. These results suggest that a-C:H:N film coating has good cytocompatibility and blood compatibility and it is a promising approach for improvement of biocompatibility of biomaterial surfaces. INTRODUCTION Demand for vascular grafts in modern medicine and surgery is vast and huge, and synthetic vascular grafts should have biocompatibility, anti-thrombosis, anti-infective, and living body without toxicity and/or carcinogenicity, etc [1, 2]. However, in some cases, synthetic vascular grafts are lack of cell growth for biocompatibility [1, 2]. The lack of biocompatibility causes substantial risk of infection or thrombosis problems during long implantation periods. In order to minimize or avoid the risks, tissue engineering, whereby living tissue replacements can be constructed, has emerged as a solution to some of the problems [3]. Fibrous scaffolds are key components in tissue engineering and typically fabricated in the form of a biological matrix or material and have been used for a variety of biomedical applications such as vascular graft, bone, ligament, skin, neural tissues, and skeletal muscle, etc. and as vehicle for the controlled delivery of drugs, proteins, and DNA [4]. Typical scaffolds which are made of polymeric biomaterial (non-biodegradable or biodegradable) provide the structural support for cell attachment and subsequent tissue development [4, 5]. Moreover, the scaffolds are defined as th
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