Caatinga biome plant extracts affect the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola
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Caatinga biome plant extracts affect the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da Silva 1 & Claudeana Souza da Conceição 1 & Carla Mota Leal 2 & William Johnson da Silva 3 & Marco Aurélio Siqueira da Gama 1 & Márcia Vanusa da Silva 4 & Elineide Barbosa de Souza 1,3 Received: 22 October 2019 / Accepted: 1 June 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Recently, in vitro assays have been used to study biofilm formation by Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola (Xcv), the causal agent of grapevine bacterial canker, one of the most important grapevine diseases in the Northeast region of Brazil. Currently, the management of grapevine bacterial canker is based on preventive control by copper fungicides, highlighting the need to discover new bioactive compounds that can be used in disease management programs. Thus, this study reports the first evaluation of the effects of crude aqueous extracts of Caatinga plants on planktonic growth and biofilm formation of Xcv. Crude aqueous extracts of twelve plants collected in Catimbau Valley, Brazil, were evaluated in vitro against four strains of Xcv to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the plants. The experiments were conducted in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates. The results were subjected to Dunnett’s test (P < 0.05) to determine the significant differences between the tested extracts and the control treatment, which included sterile distilled water (SDW). Only the extracts obtained from Homalolepis ferruginea leaf showed antibiofilm and antibacterial activity against all strains; this extract reduced biofilm formation and planktonic growth by up to 54.6% and 60.2%, respectively, making H. ferruginea a source of promising biomolecules for the management of grapevine bacterial canker. Keywords Alternative control . Antibacterial . Antibiofilm . Bioprospecting . Disease management . Grapevine bacterial canker
Grapevine bacterial canker is caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola (Xcv) (sin. Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola) and poses a serious potential risk to the development of viticulture in Brazil (Araujo et al. 2005). It is considered one of the main phytosanitary problems faced by viticulture in the São Francisco Valley in the states of Pernambuco and Bahia, northeastern Brazil, the main table grape exporter region in the * Pedro Henrique Rodrigues da Silva [email protected] 1
Department of Agronomy, Plant Pathology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
2
Department of Crop Sciences - Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Section, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
3
Department of Biology, Microbiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
4
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
country, accounting for 99% of the national exports of this sector (Lazzarotto and Fioravanço 2013). The management of gra
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