Calcium Carbide Residue and Rice Husk Ash for improving the Compressive Strength of Compressed Earth Blocks
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MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.147
Calcium Carbide Residue and Rice Husk Ash for improving the Compressive Strength of Compressed Earth Blocks Philbert Nshimiyimana 1, 2, David Miraucourt 2, Adamah Messan 1, Luc Courard 2 1 Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Laboratoire Eco-Matériaux de Construction (LEMC), Rue de la Science, 01, BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
2
Université de Liège (ULiège), Urban and Environmental Engineering (UEE), Laboratoire des Matériaux de Construction (LMC), Allée de la Découverte, 9, 4000 Liège, Belgique.
ABSTRACT
Earth stabilization, using two by-products available in Burkina Faso: Calcium Carbide Residue (CCR) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA), improved the performance of compressed earth blocks (CEBs). The effect of adding CCR or CCR: RHA (in various ratios) to the clayey earth was investigated. CEBs were molded by manually compressing moisturized mixtures of earthen materials and 0-15 % CCR or CCR: RHA (various ratios) with respect to the weight of earthen material. The results showed that, with 15 % CCR: RHA in 7: 3 ratio, the compressive strength of CEBs (6.6 MPa) is three times that of the CEBs containing 15 % CCR alone (2.2 MPa). This improvement was related to the pozzolanic reaction between CCR, clay and RHA. These CEBs comply with the requirement for wall construction of two-storey housing. Corresponding author: Philbert Nshimiyimana, E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Depending on the quality of the available raw earth and required performance, stabilization is often undertaken to enhance the suitability of compressed earth blocks (CEBs). Among many other techniques, the addition of chemical binders such as cement, lime, pozzolan and geopolymers can be successfully performed [1-5]. Cement hydration results in formation of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) and eventually calcium aluminate hydrates (CAH) responsible for binding the earth particles into the matrix and improve the performance of CEBs. Lime reacts with silica and alumina from the earth and pozzolan eventually for developing, with time, the cementitious products [1-4]. By-product such as calcium carbide residue (CCR) can potentially be used for stabilization of geotechnical soil [6]. The CCR is a white greyish by-product containing up to 90 % hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2). Equation 1 shows its formation from the hydrolysis of calcium carbide during acetylene gas production [7]. Rice husk ash (RHA), another by-product, was reported to have pozzolanic activity in cement and concrete applications
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[8]. When RHA is formed in controlled condition of temperature (400-700°C), time (1-6 hours) and environment (oxidizing); it can contain up to 80 % of reactive silica [9]. ( aq.) (1) CaC2( s ) 2H 2O(l
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