Effect of graphene oxide on high-strength concrete induced with rice husk ash: mechanical and durability performance
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TECHNICAL PAPER
Effect of graphene oxide on high‑strength concrete induced with rice husk ash: mechanical and durability performance T. Shanmuga Priya1 · Ashna Mehra1 · Samyak Jain1 · Kunal Kakria1 Received: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The global shift to usage of eco-friendly materials has driven a movement for the utilization of many additives in construction practices. Moreover, the application of nanomaterials has also been increased for enhancing the performance of concrete. This paper primarily focuses on the reinforcing effects of graphene oxide (GO) on high-strength concrete (HSC) made with and without rice husk ash (RHA). Cement was replaced with 10% RHA by weight. GO was added in different proportions of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.1% by weight of cement. Performance of engineered mixes was evaluated as mechanical (compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength), durability (water absorption, sorptivity, rapid chloride penetration and acid resistance) and microstructural (SEM and EDAX). The results depicted that mechanical and durability properties of HSC increased significantly on the incorporation of GO and further increased with partial replacement of cement with 10% RHA. The optimum performance in terms of mechanical and durability properties was achieved by a combination of 10% RHA and 0.075% GO. Increasing the percentage of GO beyond 0.075% results in drop-in strength and durability properties. Furthermore, the microstructural studies indicated that the mixes containing both RHA and GO exhibited a denser microstructure, by consuming calcium hydroxide and producing additional C–S–H gel in the matrix, concluding the practicability for use of GO and RHA in HSC. Keywords Graphene oxide · Calcium silicate hydrate · Rice husk ash · Scanning electron microscopy · High-strength concrete
Introduction The usage of concrete in the construction industry has been going for over a hundred years in buildings, roads and bridges. Concrete possesses high compressive strength and lower flexural properties than most other construction materials [1]. However, traditional concrete does not have the requisite properties or strength to meet the requirements of modern infrastructure because of its high risk of * T. Shanmuga Priya [email protected] Ashna Mehra [email protected] Samyak Jain [email protected] Kunal Kakria [email protected] 1
School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
crack formation and lower resistance to fracture [2]. Recent researchers argued that fibres play a considerable role in controlling the cracks which develop when cementitious materials are mixed with different combinations [3]. Several problems such as bleeding, early cracking and segregation arise due to concrete’s viscosity and heterogeneous consistency [4, 5]. Incorrect proportioning of concrete at the time of mixing leads to fallible concrete viscosity. To overcome such difficulti
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