Calculation and Analysis of Liquid Holdup in Lower Blast Furnace by Model Experiments
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the principal ironmaking equipment, blast furnace is considered as the most complicated metallurgy reactor in chemical engineering industry. It is largely because plenty of substances coexist and interact in the blast furnace, which also involves a great number of chemical and physical phenomena.[1,2] In the last 40 years, it is possible to improve blast furnace operation and process control by detailed theoretical analysis and in-furnace measurements.[3–10] With the increase of combustion intensity, hydromechanics performance of the countercurrent flow of gas and liquid in the lower blast furnace becomes a most important factor affecting the blast furnace condition. In the lower zone of the blast furnace, the gas that is generated in tuyere rises, whereas hot metal and slag fall through the pores of coke layers. When liquid flows through coke layers, some would stay in the pores. The multifluid models calculating the results show that the holdup would affect greatly the hydromechanics and mass and heat transfer in the blast furnace.[11–13] Currently, there has been no accurate measurement of holdup, although extensive studies have been carried out on a macroscopic scale.[14–28] Fewer correlations are suitable for the calculation of liquid holdups in the lower zone of blast furnace, and none of them is evaluated positively. In addition, most correlations can only be WEI XIONG, Associate Professor, XUE-GONG BI, Professor, GUO-QIANG WANG, Doctoral Student, and FU YANG, Engineer, are with the Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry and Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Whan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted July 25, 2011. Article published online January 11, 2012. 562—VOLUME 43B, JUNE 2012
used when the gas velocity is less than the loading point gas velocity. The current study is conducted to obtain correlations for holdup suitable for use in the blast furnace, which can be applied to the entire operating range before flooding, and then the influences of holdup on blast furnace by a mathematical model simulating flow fields will be discussed. The study will contribute to a deeper understanding of hydromechanics performance in the lower blast furnace, and also it will give assistance for determination of appropriate operational actions under different production conditions.
II.
CORRELATIONS FOR LIQUID HOLDUP
A. Experimental Conditions Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of the apparatus. The whole set device included a packed bed weighing system, liquid circulating system, gas supply system, and measuring signal sampling system. The packing material was contained in an acryl glass column with a 120 mm internal diameter and 1000 mm length, under which there was a supporting plate made of steel that can bear the weight of packing material and liquid holdup. The whole packed bed was located on an electronic balance by use of supporting frame. The liquid was stored in a circulating water tank and circulated with a pump. The
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