Calculation of Shock Waves in an Explosion of a Liquid Gas Pressure Reservoir
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Calculation of Shock Waves in an Explosion of a Liquid Gas Pressure Reservoir S. E. Yakusha
UDC 544.454,614.832
Published in Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 83–92, July–August, 2020. Original article submitted February 19, 2020; revision submitted February 19, 2020; accepted for publication February 19, 2020.
Abstract: Rapid phase transitions occurring with a sharp increase in a specific volume can be accompanied by explosive gas-dynamic phenomena. A model is presented for calculating shock waves generated in the atmosphere during an explosion of a liquid gas pressure reservoir, based on the assumption of a thermodynamically equilibrium state of a vapor–liquid mixture in which both vapor and liquid have equal velocities and are in a state of saturation at local pressure. The spherically symmetric expansion of a boiling liquid cloud is calculated, pressure profiles under various initial conditions are compared, and the primary shock wave parameters are validated according to the results of available experimental data. Two-dimensional calculations of shock waves during the fracture of a cylindrical tank near the underlying surface at various degrees of filling are presented. Keywords: explosion of expanding vapors, shock wave, fast phase transition, numerical simulation. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508220040085
INTRODUCTION Rapid boiling of liquids, accompanied by the release of large amounts of vapor, can form pressure waves in the atmosphere. Such phenomena belong to a class of physical explosions, which are understood as gasdynamic processes associated with the rapid release of nonchemical energy (phase transitions, electrical discharges, etc.) [1, 2]. To ensure safety in chemical and processing industries, the storage and transportation of liquefied gases should be carried out with account for the characteristics of blast waves in the collapse of highpressure tanks. This type of explosion caused by the expansion of boiling liquid vapors into the atmosphere has received the stable name of boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) [3], also used in the literature [4]. Unlike ordinary (”chemical”) explosions, physical explosions can occur with inert substances (for example, with water, Freon, or carbon dioxide) [2, 5, 6]. It is known that BLEVE explosions with comparaa
Institute for Problems in Mechanics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 119526 Russia; [email protected].
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ble energy release cause weaker shock waves than explosions of condensed explosives [2, 7, 8]. The main reason for this is the release of explosive energy in a finite time in contrast to virtually instantaneous release of energy during the detonation of TNT and other condensed explosives. The limiting factors include the final propagation velocity of a boiling wave over a superheated liquid and the final opening time of a high-pressure reservoir shell. In addition, the source of a physical explosion has finite dimensions, which also affects the shock wave characteristics, especially in the near field. Thus, the shock-wave effect of physic
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