Cannabis -derived cannabidiol and nanoselenium improve gut barrier function and affect bacterial enzyme activity in chic
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cannabis‑derived cannabidiol and nanoselenium improve gut barrier function and affect bacterial enzyme activity in chickens subjected to C. perfringens challenge Paweł Konieczka1,2* , Dominika Szkopek1, Misza Kinsner1, Bartosz Fotschki3, Jerzy Juśkiewicz3 and Joanna Banach4
Abstract Revealing the multifocal mechanisms affecting cross-talk between Clostridium perfringens pathogenesis and the host response is an urgent need in the poultry industry. Herein, the activity of Cannabis sativa-derived cannabidiol (CBD) and selenium nanoparticles (Nano-Se) in modulating the host response to Clostridium perfringens challenge was investigated in broiler chickens subjected to a mild infection model. The infected chickens exhibited no clinical manifestations, confirming the potential hazard of pathogen transmission to the food chain in the commercial sector. However, both CBD and Nano-Se affected the responses of chickens to C. perfringens challenge. The beneficial actions of both agents were manifested in the upregulated expression of genes determining gut barrier function. Both CBD and Nano-Se promoted shifts in gut bacterial enzyme activity to increased energy uptake in challenged chickens and upregulated potential collagenase activity. There was no opposite effect of CBD and Nano-Se in mediating the host response to challenge, whereas an additive effect was evidenced on the upregulation of gene determining gut integrity. Collectively, these findings indicate that understanding the action mechanisms of CBD and Nano-Se is of great interest for developing a preventive strategy for C. perfringens infection in broilers. Keywords: cannabidiol, selenium nanoparticles, necrotic enteritis, gut health, microbiota activity, broiler chicken Introduction Poultry production is steadily increasing worldwide. In addition to certain welfare issues associated with intensive rearing systems, there are new challenges that not only are potentially hazardous for birds but also could lead to contamination of final products for human consumption. Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens (or C. perfringens) is responsible for major economic loss to the poultry *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05‑110 Jabłonna, Poland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
industry due to compromised bird performance and increased rates of morbidity and mortality [1]. This issue has attracted great attention since the preventive use of antibiotics in farm animals has been banned [2]. Thus, there is an urgent need in the poultry sector to develop an effective strategy based on dietary intervention that can limit or prevent the occurrence of NE. Numerous strategies have been investigated to prevent or reduce the negative impact of C. perfringens in birds, but the obtained data are inconclusive, mainly because the pathogenic
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