Capability Enhancement of Fumaric Acid Production by Rhizopus arrhizus Through Carbon-Nitrogen Sources Coordination
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Capability Enhancement of Fumaric Acid Production by Rhizopus arrhizus Through Carbon-Nitrogen Sources Coordination Hao Xing 1 & Huan Liu 1 & Yakun Zhang 1 & Yue Yu 1 & Xiaolan Huang 1 & Qi Xiao 1 & Li Deng 1 & Fang Wang 1 Received: 1 September 2020 / Accepted: 8 November 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Fumaric acid production from the fermentation process by Rhizopus was considered a potential method. But poor conversion efficiency and low space-time productivity greatly hampered industrial production. Here, we reported improving these problems through carbon-nitrogen sources coordination optimization strategy. Five commonly used nitrogen sources were selected to conduct element analysis and fermentation efficiency comparison. Casein was proven to be the optimum nitrogen source and further investigated in a stirred-tank reactor. It showed that the fermentation cycle was significantly shortened by the application of casein. Combined with optimization of glucose content, the space-time productivity of fumaric acid reached 0.76 g/L h with a yield to 0.31 g/g glucose, which was the highest among the results gotten in the stirred-tank reactor. It illustrated that carbon-nitrogen sources coordination optimization strategy was in favor of the improvement of the fermentation process and laid a promising foundation for the development of fumaric acid industrial production. Keywords Fumaric acid . Carbon-nitrogen sources coordination . Rhizopusarrhizus . Stirred-tank reactor
Introduction Fumaric acid is known as one of the 12 important bulk chemical products [1, 2]. Due to its special chemical structure and preferable biocompatibility, fumaric acid has been used as building block material in various industries, including food and pharmaceutical production,
* Li Deng [email protected]
1
Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
manufacture of complex chemicals, and biodegradable material synthesis, leading to its demand gradually increasing [3–5]. At present, fumaric acid is mainly converted from petroleum-based feedstock maleic anhydride by chemical methods [6]. Nevertheless, with concerns of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation, production of green chemicals and fuels from renewable sources was considered the most potential option to solve these problems [7, 8]. Biological fermentation method was thus a promising available way to produce fumaric acid [9]. Although enormous varieties of different engineered strains were developed through synthetic biology strategies, they were suffering from the obstacle of low efficiency on fumaric acid accumulation, which impeded its scale-up production [10, 11]. Fungus, especially Rhizopus, was regarded as a preferable and potential strain in the fermentation process with an excellent fumaric acid–producing capability [12, 13]. There wer
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