Carbon Powder Mixed Injection with a Shrouding Supersonic Oxygen Jet in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking
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THE metallurgical technology of the powder injection is widely applied in the ferrous metallurgy process, including a hot metal pretreatment,[1,2] blast furnace Klockner Oxygen Blown Maxhutte (BF),[3,4] (KOBM),[5,6] electric arc furnace (EAF),[7,8] ladle bottom powder injection (L-BPI)[9, 10] and so on. Especially in modern EAF steelmaking, almost all of the carbon powder was charged into the molten bath by a
GUANGSHENG WEI, RONG ZHU, and SHUFENG YANG are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China and also with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Research Center of Special Melting and Preparation of High-end Metal Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] SHAOYAN HU is with the School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] LINGZHI YANG is with the School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China. FENGWU CHEN is with the Tangshan Shoutang Baosheng Function Materials CO., LTD., Tangshan, Hebei, 063100, P.R. China. Manuscript submitted March 11, 2020.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
pneumatic conveying method.[11] For the EAF steelmaking operation, carbon is one of the important smelting raw materials, which can determine the foaming slag operation, adjust the oxidizability of molten slag and regulate the oxygen content of the endpoint molten steel.[12] Therefore, the deeper the penetration depth of the carbon powder injection is, the higher the utilization efficiency of carbon powder and the better the foaming slag operation. As for the conventional carbon powder injection method shown in Figure 1, carbon powder was injected into the EAF molten bath by an ordinary straight pipe nozzle, and the impact strength of the gas–powder injection was considerably lower because of the constant attenuation of the injection velocity.[13] A part of the carbon powder escaped into the upper furnace and was consumed post-combustion, which results in the lower availably utilized ratios of carbon powder. For this reason, a new nozzle (shown in Figure 2 in Section II–B) was designed to deliver carbon powder more deeply into the EAF molten bath by carbon powder mixed injection with a shrouding supersonic oxygen jet, which can integrate the carbon powder injection and oxygen supply. As a new concept of the carbon powder injection nozzle for EAF steelmaking, it is necessary to
Fig. 1—Conventional carbon powder injection by a straight nozzle in EAF steelmaking.
Fig. 2—Carbon powder mixed injection nozzle structure, computational domain and grid details.
investigate the fluid flow characteristics and metallurgical effects of the carbon powder mixed injection with a shrouding supersonic oxygen jet. Various experiments and numerical investigations of the jet behavior of gas–powder injection has been carried out by researchers. Lee[14] carried out
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