Study on the Impact Characteristics of Coherent Supersonic Jet and Conventional Supersonic Jet in EAF Steelmaking Proces
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SUPPLYING oxygen into the molten bath via impinging jets is a main feature of the electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process.[1,2] In modern EAF steelmaking, both the coherent supersonic jet and the conventional supersonic jet have been widely used.[3,4] The oxygen jets play an important role in the steelmaking process, because they can control bath stirring, chemical reaction kinetics, energy consumption, foaming slag formation, and bath recirculation by exchanging
GUANGSHENG WEI, RONG ZHU, and KAI DONG are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China, and also with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Research Center of Special Melting and Preparation of High-end Metal Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] TING CHENG and XUETAO WU are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing. LINGZHI YANG is with the School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. Manuscript submitted May 16, 2017.
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momentum, heat, and mass with the molten steel and slag.[5] Typically, the jet impact characteristics reflect, to a certain extent, the stirring effectiveness of the oxygen jets on the molten bath. In industrial production, the effect of the oxygen jet on the molten bath is generally controlled by adjusting the lance height and the gas flow rate.[6] The characteristic parameters of the impact cavity generated by the supersonic jet are difficult to measure in actual process conditions. In order to optimize the oxygen-supplying operation, the behavior of the gas-jet/ liquid surface interaction has been widely studied using water models and numerical simulations. Molloy[7] studied the oscillatory nature of the impinging jet system and proposed three different mechanisms associated with the impact of the jet onto the liquid surface: dimpling, splashing, and penetrating. Collins[8] carried out a number of experiments in order to investigate the effect of jet momentum, lance angle, and lance height (distance between lance exit and molten steel surface). Nordquist[9] investigated the effect of the lance height and nozzle diameters on the penetration depth through water model experiments. Li and Li[10,11] studied the cratering process of the impingement of top-blown gas jets on the liquid bath experimentally and theoretically, developed a
theoretical model to predict the cavity depth of a two-layer liquid bath impinged by multiple gas jets in a basic oxygen furnace, and analyzed the transferring characteristics of momentum/energy during oxygen jetting into the molten bath by the multi-fluid volume of a fluid model. Bapin[12] analyzed the droplet generation characteristics in a top-blowing steelmaking converter and found that the ambient furnace temperature had a significant effect on droplet generation by affecting the jet velocity attenu
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