Carbonate reservoir characterization: an integrated approach
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ORIGINAL PAPER-PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
Carbonate reservoir characterization: an integrated approach Mohammad Ali Kargarpour1 Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 24 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Estimation of fluid and rock properties of a hydrocarbon reservoir is always a challenging matter; especially, it is true for heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. Petrophysical logs and laboratory activities are common methods for characterizing a hydrocarbon reservoir. This method in conjunction with geostatistical methods is applied to relatively homogeneous sandstone reservoirs or matrix media of dual-porosity heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. To estimate properties of fracture system of a dual-media carbonate reservoir, outcrop properties, electrical borehole scans, fractal discrete fracture network and analogy with other reservoirs are common methods. Results which obtained from these methods describe the reservoir in a static way and could be relied on them for very small portion of the reservoir. In this paper, a dynamic procedure for describing reservoir features is proposed in order to enhance the conventional reservoir characterization methods. This method utilizes the reported production data for a specific period of time in conjunction with rock and fluid properties to estimate drainage radius of the well and matrix block height, porosity and width of fracture in the estimated drainage radius. The presented method is elaborated through its application in a real case. By this method, one can generate maps of matrix block size and fracture width and porosity throughout the reservoir. Also, it could be a powerful tool for estimation of effectiveness of acid/ hydraulic fracturing activity. Keywords Carbonate reservoir · Fracture · Fissure · Block to block · Matrix to block interaction · Decline curve analysis · DCA · Reservoir pressure · Dual porosity · Fracture width · Fracture porosity · Acid (hydraulic) fracturing effectiveness · Matrix block height · Drainage radius
Introduction Carbonate formations are the most important type of hydrocarbon reservoirs. There are different data about global occurrence of this type of reservoirs (Akbar et al. 2000; Aljuboori et al. 2019; Bourbiaux 2010; Firoozabadi 2000; Schlumberger 2019); however, Akbar et al. (2000) estimated that about 60% of the world’s oil reserves lie in carbonate reservoirs. Aljuboori et al. (2019) reported from Schlumberger (2019) that 70% of conventional oil reserves in the Middle East lies in carbonate reservoirs. This type of reservoir could be considered more heterogeneous than sandstone reservoirs; especially, it is true if one considers their most important characteristic which is dual or even multiple porosity (permeability) feature. Secondary porous media appear as a result of basic diagenetic processes and * Mohammad Ali Kargarpour [email protected] 1
Houston, USA
fracturing (Lucia 2007; Ahr 2008; Moore 2001; Van GolfRacht 1996). This heterogeneity causes some difficulties to efficiently manage production of carbonate r
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