Multi-scale fracture prediction and characterization method of a fractured carbonate reservoir
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ORIGINAL PAPER-EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS
Multi-scale fracture prediction and characterization method of a fractured carbonate reservoir Zhang Xiaoxia1 · Yu Jiajie2 · Li Nianyin2 · Wang Chao2 Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The WZ oilfield is characterized by a small production range, low recovery degree, strong reservoir heterogeneity, and complex fracture distribution. At present, there is no quantitative evaluation method for fractures of different scales. This causes problems that include an unclear understanding of reservoirs’ physical properties and remaining oil distribution and seepage characteristics. In this paper, multi-scale fracture prediction and a quantitative characterization method of a fractured carbonate reservoir are studied using three-dimensional seismic imaging logging and regional tectonic stress field distribution data. On the basis of analogs, variance cube, curvature, and the Pompano through-flowline system, large-scale crack recognition is carried out. Combined with the maximum positive curvature attribute, fracture density, and fracture direction interpreted by imaging logging, a small- and medium-sized fracture model is established. Finally, the multi-scale fracture prediction is carried out. This study has important theoretical significance for accurately describing and characterizing the multi-scale fracture distribution law and guiding the fine development of oilfields. Keywords Carbonate rock · Multi-scale fracture · Fracture prediction · Fracture characterization
Introduction The WZ reservoir type is a buried hill, fractured vuggy zone gas-cap block bottom water reservoir. This reservoir type is characterized by strong heterogeneity and complex fracture distribution (Libo et al. 2018). Therefore, accurate description and characterization of multi-scale fracture distribution are of significant importance for future development. In recent years, a large number of researchers have put forward a variety of methods and technologies for the prediction of fractured reservoirs. Dalley proposed that dip and azimuth attributes can be used for seismic interpretation (Dalley et al. 2007) and explained the basic algorithm of these two attributes in detail. Later, these two types of seismic attributes were used by seismic interpretation scholars to interpret small faults, with good results. Curvature attribute is another type of attribute body that is sensitive to discontinuities in seismic data, which can be * Yu Jiajie [email protected] 1
CNOOC China Limited Zhanjiang Branch, Zhanjiang, China
Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China
2
used to interpret faults and predict fracture tendency and parameters. Bahorich developed coherence cube (Bahorich and Farmer 1995). The core algorithm of the coherence cube calculates the similarity of seismic amplitude volume and highlights dissimilar features to detect the boundary properties. The coherence cube has been further optimized by other scholars, e.g., by an assembly-based coherence a
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