Ecological Conditions of Soils in the Republic of Adygea
The soil cover of the Republic of Adygea is diverse, from chernozems to alpine soils, and it is characterized by a high fertility potential. Chernozems occupy 431.6 thousand ha. Over 40% of them are characterized by a very low humus content. About 42.6 th
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Soil Cover of the Republic of Adygea 2.1 Classification of Chernozems 2.2 Ecological Conditions of Soils 3 Conclusions References
Abstract The soil cover of the Republic of Adygea is diverse, from chernozems to alpine soils, and it is characterized by a high fertility potential. Chernozems occupy 431.6 thousand ha. Over 40% of them are characterized by a very low humus content. About 42.6 thousand ha need compulsory liming due to the strong and medium acidity of the soil. Provision of soils with mobile forms of macrocells is mainly medium and high. Soils of the Republic of Adygea are characterized by intense accumulation of pesticides. The specific activity of radionuclides in arable soils on the territory of the Republic is low; the concentration of heavy metals is classified as moderately hazardous.
S. A. Lebedev (*) Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation Maykop State Technological University, Maykop, The Republic of Adygea, Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected] G. N. Gunina and Y. N. Ashinov Maykop State Technological University, Maykop, The Republic of Adygea, Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] P. N. Kravchenko Tver State University, Tver, Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected] Murat K. Bedanokov, Sergey A. Lebedev, and Andrey G. Kostianoy (eds.), The Republic of Adygea Environment, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_640, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
S. A. Lebedev et al.
Keywords Acidity, Alkalinity, Exchange potassium, Heavy metals, Humus, Macrocells, Microelements, Mobile phosphorus, Nitrification ability, Pesticides, Radionuclides, Republic of Adygea, Soil
1 Introduction The soil cover is an independent complex natural shell of the globe – the pedosphere, which is the most filled with life part of the biosphere, where weathering and soil formation are taking place. The patterns of formation and diversity of soil cover, regimes, various properties, and characteristics of soils are determined by the pronounced heterogeneity of bioclimatic and lithological and geomorphological conditions. The specificity of the soil cover of the regions is manifested in the composition and structure of the soil cover, as well as in the features of the use of land funds.
2 Soil Cover of the Republic of Adygea Land resources play a major role in the natural and economic potential of the Republic of Adygea [1, 2]. In addition to the fact that land is the main and irreplaceable means of production in agriculture, acting as a spatial basis, it is in fact a connecting link for other natural resources. The state of land affects, to a various extent, the condition of the animal and plant worlds, water sources, and other natural objects. The territory of the Republic covers the steppe, piedmont forest-steppe, mountain forest, subalpine, and alpine zones (belts). Hence there is a huge variety of soil cover types. According to the scheme of soil-geographical zoning of the Russian Federation, the territory of the Republic
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