Cardiac Pacing for the Clinician

Cardiac implanted devices provide not only therapy but also information on the clinical status of a patient. While beneficial, this increasing complexity also means that all clinicians must be knowledgeable about device function, indications for devi

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Cardiac Pacing for the Clinician Second Edition Edited by

Fred M. Kusumoto, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine Director Electrophysiology and Pacing Service Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida and

Nora F. Goldschlager, M.D. Professor of Clinical Medicine Co-Director Cardiology Division Director, Pacemaker Clinic ECG Laboratory and Coronary Care Unit San Francisco General Hospital University of California San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco, California

Fred M. Kusumoto, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine Director Electrophysiology and Pacing Service Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida USA

ISBN-13: 978-0-387-72762-2

Nora F. Goldschlager, M.D. Professor of Clinical Medicine Co-Director Cardiology Division Director, Pacemaker Clinic ECG Laboratory and Coronary Care Unit San Francisco General Hospital University of California San Francisco Medical School San Francisco, California USA

e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-72763-9

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007927249 © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

To my wife, Laura, and my children, Miya, Hana, and Aya Fred Kusumoto To my husband, Arnie, and my children, Nina and Hilary Nora Goldschlager

Preface

As early as the late 1700s, Physicians speculated that electrical current could be used to stimulate the heart. In 1882, von Ziemssen used electrical current to directly stimulate the heart of a woman whose anterior chest wall had been removed after resection of a chest tumor. In 1952, Zoll used transthoracic current to pace the heart, and in 1958 the first implantable pacemaker was placed by Ake Senning and Rune Elmquist. At the same time, Furman and Robinson demonstrated the feasibility of transvenous cardiac pacing. In the late 1960s, Mirowski and colleagues pioneered the concept of an implantable device that cou