Cell Polarity and Subcellular RNA Localization
Selective cytoplasmic organelle and protein targeting has long been thought to constitute the sole determinant of cell polarity and complexity. This view has been changed, however, by the discovery of differential subcellular RNA distribution patterns. Ov
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Dietmar Richter (Ed.)
Cell Polarity and Subcellular RNA Localization With 44 Figures
,
Springer
Professor Dr. DIETMAR RICHTER Institut fur Zellbiochemie und klinische Neurobiologie Universitats-Krankenhaus Eppendorf MartinistraBe 52 20246 Hamburg Germany
ISSN 0080-1844 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cell polarity and subcellular RNA localization 1 Dietmar Richter (ed.). p. cm. - (Results and problems in cell differentiation; 34) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-07436-3 ISBN 978-3-540-40025-7(eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-40025-7
1. RNA - Physiological transport. 2. Carrier proteins. 3. Polarity (Biology) 4. Cytoskeletal proteins. l. Richter, Dietmar, 1939- II. Series. QP623 .C455 2001 572'.69 - dc21 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg in 2001 This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2001. Softcover reprint of 1he hardcover edition 2001
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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Meta Design, Berlin Typesetting: Best -set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong SPIN 10732748 39/3130 - 5 4 3 2 I 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
Cell polarity is reflected by an asymmetric distribution of macromolecules. Intracellular transport and the specific localization of proteins have been implicated in the establishment and maintenance of cellular polarity and plasticity. Protein localization mechanisms have been well characterized, often accomplished by cellular sorting systems that recognize intrinsic targeting signals, as have the modes of action of various motor proteins that underlie such mechanisms. It has become clear over the past decade that the differential subcellular localization of mRNAs represents an additional mechanism to achieve accumulation of cognate proteins at discrete sites within a cell. This has been particularly well documented in Drosophila, but also in Xenopus oocytes. More recently, subcellular RNA transport has also been seen in nerve cells, allowing them to respond appropriately to external stimuli. Transport of organelles and proteins to their ultimate destinations at pre- and post-synaptic sites has
