Plant species and organ influence the structure and subcellular localization of recombinant glycoproteins
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Plant species and organ influence the structure and subcellular localization of recombinant glycoproteins Elsa Arcalis • Johannes Stadlmann • Thomas Rademacher Sylvain Marcel • Markus Sack • Friedrich Altmann • Eva Stoger
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Received: 30 November 2012 / Accepted: 22 March 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Many plant-based systems have been developed as bioreactors to produce recombinant proteins. The choice of system for large-scale production depends on its intrinsic expression efficiency and its propensity for scale-up, postharvest storage and downstream processing. Factors that must be considered include the anticipated production scale, the value and intended use of the product, the geographical production area, the proximity of processing facilities, intellectual property, safety and economics. It is also necessary to consider whether different species and organs affect the subcellular trafficking, structure and qualitative properties of recombinant proteins. In this article we discuss the subcellular localization and N-glycosylation of two commercially-relevant recombinant glycoproteins (Aspergillus niger phytase and anti-HIV antibody 2G12) produced in different plant species and organs. We augment existing data with novel results based on the expression of the same recombinant proteins in Arabidopsis and tobacco seeds, E. Arcalis E. Stoger (&) Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria e-mail: [email protected] J. Stadlmann F. Altmann Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria T. Rademacher Fraunhofer IME, Aachen, Germany S. Marcel Caliber Biotherapeutics, 8800 HSC Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA M. Sack Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
focusing on similarities and subtle differences in N-glycosylation that often reflect the subcellular trafficking route and final destination, as well as differences generated by unique enzyme activities in different species and tissues. We discuss the potential consequences of such modifications on the stability and activity of the recombinant glycoproteins. Keywords Molecular farming Glycoprotein production Plant-made pharmaceuticals Protein trafficking Subcellular deposition
Introduction Plants have served as a source of food, feed, textiles, building materials and fuel since the dawn of history, and plants also produce many valuable and economically important compounds including biologically-active substances used as medicines. Due to the development of recombinant DNA technology plants also offer a very attractive way of producing biopharmaceuticals. Plants are a very economical production platform as they assimilate light energy and store it in the form of biomass, so they are most efficient in converting energy into biomolecules. The field of molecular farming has evolved significantly from the first report describing the expression of antibodies in plants (
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