Cellulose acetate blends with acrylonitrile/ N -phenyl maleimide copolymers morphological and thermal properties
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Cellulose acetate blends with acrylonitrile/N-phenyl maleimide copolymers morphological and thermal properties Abir S. Abdel-Naby • Samar A. Aboubshait
Received: 15 December 2012 / Accepted: 20 March 2013 Ó Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, Hungary 2013
Abstract Cellulose acetate (CA) was blended in different compositions with various acrylonitrile-N-halo phenyl maleimide (AN-XPhM) copolymers to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose acetate. The structure, morphology, thermal stability, and crystallinity of the blend films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron micrographs, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that the thermal stability was improved by the increase in AN-XPhM content, irrespective of the type of the N-halo phenyl maleimide. The CA/AN-4BrPhM blend films possessed the highest thermal stability compared to the other CA/AN-XPhM blend films. Blending CA with AN-4BrPhM yielded the most homogeneous blend films, irrespective of the composition ratio. The mechanical properties of various compositions of the CA/ AN-4BrPhM blend films were also discussed. Keywords Cellulose acetate Acrylonitrile/N-phenyl maleimide copolymers Blend films Thermal property Mechanical property Morphology
Introduction Natural origin polymers and the respective composites are currently extensively used as biomaterials and in A. S. Abdel-Naby S. A. Aboubshait Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, College of Girls, Dammam University, Dammam 31113, Saudi Arabia A. S. Abdel-Naby (&) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayium University, Fayium, Egypt e-mail: [email protected]
biodegradable applications because they are available in a wide variety of compositions and their properties can be tailored to meet specific demands. Furthermore, the stability of the majority of the polymers obtained from the petrochemical industry can cause disposal problems. Within this scope, in the last few years, there has been growing interest in biodegradable polymers derived from renewable feedstock such as starch [1–4] and cellulose-based materials. Despite the advantages of low cost and high productivity, the serious degradation and hydrophilic characteristics of the polymers obtained from renewable sources must be addressed [5]. Polymer blending may be used effectively to modify the properties of polymer materials [6]. This approach is based on the theoretical possibility of controlling the properties of the polymers by modifying their chemical compositions and molecular structures by selecting the appropriate combination of miscible polymers [7]. Acrylonitrile copolymers and cellulose acetate (CA) have been the subject of many studies because both polymers can easily produce fibers in a common organic solvent. It has been reported [8] that a polyacrylonitrile/cellulose acetate (PAN/CA) blend is immiscible. Moreover, PAN was known to suffer from thermal instability at high temperatures
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