Cellulose Microfibres Obtained from Agro-Industrial Tara Waste for Dye Adsorption in Water
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Cellulose Microfibres Obtained from Agro-Industrial Tara Waste for Dye Adsorption in Water Silvia Ponce & Maria Chavarria & Fiama Norabuena & Dalton Chumpitaz & Abel Gutarra
Received: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Microfibres of cellulose were extracted from tara residues (TR), obtained after the production process, and used to remove dyes in aqueous solution. Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze or Tara spinosa, commonly known as tara, is a thorny shrub native to Peru. For these purposes, tara residues (TR) from the production process are used to extract cellulose microfibres (CMF). First, TR are treated in basic mediums; then, they are transferred to an acidic medium. Finally, they are ground in a cutting mill for a short period of time. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize CMF. Fibre sizes of approximately 10 μm in length and 300–500 nm in diameter were observed. The crystallinity index calculated from X-ray patterns was defined at 77%. Infrared spectroscopy showed that treating TR with chemical products produces TR delignification. The dye adsorption tests (basic yellow, basic blue 41, basic blue 9 and basic green 4) in water demonstrated that isotherms adjust to the Langmuir model, with maximum respective adsorption values of 43.6, 45.5, 75.0 and 112.2 mg.g−1 for each dye.
Statement of Novelty Waste from tara agro-industry was used to obtain, by a chemical-physical method, microfibres that were used in the removal of cationic dyes in water. S. Ponce (*) : M. Chavarria : F. Norabuena : A. Gutarra Universidad de Lima, Av. Javier Prado Este 4600, Lima 15023, Peru e-mail: [email protected] D. Chumpitaz : A. Gutarra Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Lima 15023, Peru
Keywords Microfibres . Tara . Caesalpinia spinosa . Dyes . Water
1 Introduction Water is one of the most important resources for human activity and nature. Water pollution is increasing around the world due to industrial activity, and people are taking much attention to the quality of water because of the effect on human health. One of the industrial effluents that are eliminated to the bodies of water are the dyes coming from the textile industry, which are toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic, the reason why these must be treated appropriately given their dangerousness for human beings and organisms (Carneiro et al. 2010). Numerous dyes dissolved in effluents contain refractory chromophores, which can occasionally result in the formation of carcinogenic compounds (Gürses et al. 2016; Shore 2002; Lang 2008). The dye-fixing efficiency on substrates ranges from 70 to 98%, which depends on dye types. If there is no treatment system in place, residual dyes are commonly discharged as effluents in Peru. Peru imports 4200 t of dyes per year, ranging from basic to reactive, direct, and dispersed dyes (Veritrade corp 2019); approximately 600 t of dyes are discharged into industrial effluents each year. The application of treatment of this type of effluent is a
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