CFD Methodology for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction
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D Methodology for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction AVL relies on virtual test methodologies (digital twins) to support and validate concept, layout design and hardware selection as well as operating strategies for new powertrains. 3-D CFD simulations play a key role and therefore contribute to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions.
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A U THORS
MTZ worldwide 11|2020
Marina Thelliez is Lead Engineer Combustion CFD Analysis and Thermal Management at AVL List GmbH in Graz (Austria).
Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Ennemoser is Manager CFD Analysis and Thermal Management at AVL List GmbH in Graz (Austria).
Maria Isabel Segura, M. Sc. is Product Manager High Power Systems at AVL List GmbH in Graz (Austria).
Prof. Kang-Ki Lee is Senior Vice President High Power Systems at AVL List GmbH in Graz (Austria).
INITIAL SITUATION
CFD METHODOLOGY
In April 2018, the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted an initial strategy on the reduction of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions from international shipping [1]. A scenario for the reduction of CO2 emissions was defined which is compati ble with the temperature targets of the Paris Agreement and includes the follow ing objectives: 40 % CO2 emissions re duction by 2030 and 70 % reduction by 2050 compared to 2008 values. Total GHG emissions from shipping should be reduced by at least 50 % in 2050. Net zero or zero carbon fuels will be necessary to achieve the emissions tar gets with strategies such as increasing the energy efficiency, electrification and hybridization of vessels (more likely on coastal and inland shipping) and using low carbon fuels, as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). This article describes AVL’s approach for the reduction of GHG emissions, targeting higher brake thermal efficien cies for diesel and gas Internal combus tion engines (ICE), and significant meth ane slip reduction for natural gas fueled large bore engines. The approach utilizes the inhouse developed software AVL Fire for 3-D CFD simulations to support and validate both hardware selection and the development of operating strategies to reduce GHG emissions.
Current marine engine development aims to reduce both methane slip and achieve high brake thermal efficiency. This implies that more effort on com bustion system development must be invested and that improved develop ment methods must be found and applied. The targeted efficiency in crease needs to be achieved while maintaining robust operation. Setting up the virtual engine model is the first step of the AVL combustion system development approach: thermo dynamics, system simulation and after treatment system define the engine con figuration in terms of efficiency and emissions. 1-D thermodynamic simula tions provide insight into which strategy would be the optimum in terms of ef ficiency and air path characteristics. Experienced based combustion devel opment is used to set up the initial combustion chamber design. In a second step, comprehensive CFD in-cylinder flow, mixtu
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