Analysis of a wastewater treatment plant for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Analysis of a wastewater treatment plant for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions I. Sharawat1 · R. Dahiya2 · R. P. Dahiya1 Received: 29 February 2020 / Revised: 27 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 August 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract This article presents an environmental and energy analysis of a wastewater treatment plant operating on sequential batch reactor technology. The analysis of energy consumption shows that the electrical, mechanical, chemical, and human energy consumption works out to 0.26 kW h/m3 of the treated wastewater. The overall share of electrical energy consumption is 84%, and 15% share is of mechanical energy. Nearly 78% of the electrical energy is consumed in the aeration process. The biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous are measured for the influent and effluent of the treatment plant. A reduction of 76–97% occurs in these parameters due to wastewater treatment. The greenhouse gas emissions arising directly from the treatment processes and indirectly from the electricity and diesel usage are estimated. The direct and indirect emissions from the wastewater treatment plant amount to 105 tCO2e/year and 1316 tCO2e/year, respectively. A projection of methane accumulation in the atmosphere from this plant till the year 2041 is also made. The contribution of this plant to the atmospheric accumulation of C H4 is projected to reach 8679 kg in 2029. The projection for 2030 and thereafter is 9468 kg. Analysis of the energy, environment, and wastewater treatment nexus is of significance to have a holistic view for the sustainable development. Keywords Batch reactor · Effluent · Methane · System dynamics · Electrical energy · Human energy
Introduction The world is expected to add nearly 2 billion people in the next 30 years raising, the global population to 9.7 billion by the year 2050 (UN 2019). As urbanization is rising at a rapid pace, 68% of the population will live in urban areas. In India also, this trend has an impact on the population distribution, and according to a projection for the next 30 years, nearly 416 million people will add to the urban areas (UN 2018). Around 2027, India will overtake China to become the most populous country (UN 2019). Growing population, unplanned urbanization, and fluctuating economic growth pose unprecedented challenges for water management in Editorial responsibility: Q. Aguilar-Virgen. * I. Sharawat [email protected] 1
Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, New Delhi 110058, India
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rural and urban India (Sahasranaman and Ganguly 2018; Shah 2016). The freshwater resources are depleting at an alarming rate due to the increase in water consumption, and accordingly, the volume of wastewater discharge is rising substantially. The freshwater scarcity together with the wastewater treatment is among the prominent environmental challenges of this ce
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