Challenges in Implementing Surveillance Tools of High-Income Countries (HICs) in Low Middle Income Countries (LMICs )
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Infection Prevention and Safety in Low and Middle Income Countries (S Sengupta, Section Editor)
Challenges in Implementing Surveillance Tools of High-Income Countries (HICs) in Low Middle Income Countries (LMICs) Kushlani Jayatilleke, MBBS, MD Address Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Email: [email protected]
Published online: 28 August 2020 * Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Infection Prevention and Safety in Low and Middle Income Countries Keyword Surveillance of communicable diseases I Surveillance in LMIC I HAI I AMR I Surveillance tools of HIC
Abstract Purpose of Review Surveillance of communicable diseases is essential in all countries to prevent and control infections, to detect outbreaks and also to see the effects of interventions. The data should be reliable, and collection, analysis and feedback as well as the action based on this data should be fast. In this article, author discusses the limitations the Low Middle income Countries (LMICs) have in implementing disease surveillance and some suggestions for improvement. Recent Findings Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) has been implemented successfully through most of the countries in Africa though they belong to low or LMIC. Major barriers for surveillance of Healthcare Associated Infections in LMICs are nonavailability of adequate number of healthcare personnel such as infection control personnel as well as not having an integrated healthcare system with an effective data flow. For some infections, not having proper diagnostic facilities is a major obstacle. An important capacity limitation in clinical laboratories of LMICs is identification of antimicrobial resistant organisms as well as other pathogens to species level. This affects the surveillance of infections and antimicrobial resistance. Summary Use of modern technology, capacity building including the human resources as well as the laboratory capacity in healthcare setting, improving data communication methods, are the main recommendations made. Education and training of healthcare staff as well as educating the general public to change the attitudes of people is another aspect that we need to concentrate.
192 Infection Prevention and Safety in Low and Middle Income Countries (S Sengupta, Section Editor)
Background Surveillance of infections and antimicrobial resistance in the community as well as in hospitals is recommended to prevent and control infections and to reduce antibiotic resistance [1, 2]. The surveillance data will be useful to guide infection prevention and control measures, to detect outbreaks and also to see the results of interventions [1]. Communicable disease surveillance in the community is essential for effective control of such diseases [3]. Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) has high disease burden with associated mortality worldwide, but the
impact is more in Low Middle income Countries (LMICs) [4]. Therefore, surveillance of communic
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