Change of Foraging and Hiding Behaviors in the Pacific Abalone Haliotis discus hannai in Response to Elevated Seawater T
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Article pISSN 1738-5261 eISSN 2005-7172
Change of Foraging and Hiding Behaviors in the Pacific Abalone Haliotis discus hannai in Response to Elevated Seawater Temperature Tae Won Kim1,2*, Jung-Ah Lee3, and Chae-Young Yoo4 1
Department of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea 3 The Fish Co Ltd, Pyeongtaek 17952, Korea 4 Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea 2
Received 24 September 2019; Revised 4 February 2020; Accepted 8 June 2020 © KSO, KIOST and Springer 2020
Abstract − Ocean warming induced by high CO2 emission is expected to change the behavior of many marine poikilotherms. During the day, abalones take shelter under rocks or in crevices from which they emerge to forage in the evening. In this study, we explored the effect of changing seawater temperature on the foraging and hiding behaviors of the juvenile Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. First, we tested whether their hiding behavior in response to light differs depending on the temperature (11°C, 14°C, and 17°C) when only artificial shelter was provided. We observed that the abalones hid under the shelter much faster at 17°C than at 11°C. Second, we tested whether their hiding and foraging behaviors changed in response to increasing temperature when both food and shelter were provided. At high water temperature (17°C), abalones emerged more quickly than at low water temperature (11°C), and the total number of feeding abalones was higher at high temperature than that at low temperature. However, the hiding speed in response to light in the morning was not significantly different among different temperatures. These results suggest that although the basic response to a single stimulus (i.e., light or food) was faster at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures, abalones may increase their boldness under higher temperatures when deciding whether to feed or hide. Keywords − abalone, foraging, hiding, temperature, warming
1. Introduction According to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2014), ocean temperature has increased by 0.11 (0.09–0.13°C) per decade from 1971 to 2010, and the temperature of the global *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
ocean is expected to increase by approximately 3°C by the end of the century. Ocean warming has various effects on marine ecosystems. These include alterations in food web dynamics (Moline et al. 2004; Schofield et al. 2010), reduction of habitat-forming species (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007), and change in species distribution (Kim and Micheli 2013; Ling 2008). In addition, in a warming ocean, the mortality of some marine organisms can increase, reducing fitness and resulting in population decline (Hochachka 2002). Temperature is an important factor determining the metabolic rate of marine poikilotherms (Fr
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