Climate Change and Impacts in the Pacific
This edited volume addresses the impacts of climate change on Pacific islands, and presents databases and indexes for assessing and adapting to island vulnerabilities. By analyzing susceptibility variables, developing comprehensive vulnerability indexes,
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Lalit Kumar Editor
Climate Change and Impacts in the Pacific
Springer Climate Series Editor John Dodson, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Earth Environment, Xian, Shaanxi, China
Springer Climate is an interdisciplinary book series dedicated to climate research. This includes climatology, climate change impacts, climate change management, climate change policy, regional climate studies, climate monitoring and modeling, palaeoclimatology etc. The series publishes high quality research for scientists, researchers, students and policy makers. An author/editor questionnaire, instructions for authors and a book proposal form can be obtained from the Publishing Editor. Now indexed in Scopus® ! More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11741
Lalit Kumar Editor
Climate Change and Impacts in the Pacific
Editor Lalit Kumar School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale, NSW, Australia
ISSN 2352-0698 ISSN 2352-0701 (electronic) Springer Climate ISBN 978-3-030-32877-1 ISBN 978-3-030-32878-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32878-8 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Pacific island states are generally small in size with a limited and narrow range of natural resources. Due to their small sizes, generally low elevations and isolation, they are highly vulnerable to natural environmental events. Many of them fall directly in the paths of tropical cyclones. Floods, tropical cyclones, droughts and storm surges have become a part and parcel of these people. However, over many generations, these island people have adapted well to the natural events that are quit
