Changes in renal parameters and their association with subclinical vector-borne infections in Bernese Mountain dogs
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(2020) 16:285
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Changes in renal parameters and their association with subclinical vector-borne infections in Bernese Mountain dogs C. Preyß-Jägeler*, K. Hartmann and R. Dorsch
Abstract Background: An increased risk for glomerulonephritis and a higher prevalence of antibodies to Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu lato have been reported in Bernese mountain dogs (BMDs). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of laboratory abnormalities suggestive of kidney disease in clinically healthy BMDs compared to a control population and to investigate if there is a correlation with the occurrence of antibodies to B. burgdorferi sensu lato, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma (A.) spp. and with the occurrence of Dirofilaria (D.) immitis antigen. A total of 197 BMDs and 57 control dogs were included in the study. Laboratory evidence of kidney disease was defined as renal azotemia and/or proteinuria with a urine protein creatinine ration of more than 0.5 in an inactive urine sediment. A SNAP®4Dx® ELISA (IDEXX, Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA) was used to detect antibodies to B. burgdorferi sensu lato, E. canis and Anaplasma spp. and antigen of D. immitis. Results: Laboratory evidence of kidney disease was significantly more common in BMDs than in control dogs (17.8% versus 1.8%) (p = 0.005). The proportion of BMDs with anti-B. burgdorferi sensu latu antibodies and anti-A. phagocytophilum antibodies was significantly higher in BMDs (p < 0.001). However, an association between these findings could not be identified. Conclusion: BMDs are more often affected by kidney disease and have a higher prevalence of antibodies to bacterial pathogens transmitted by Ixodes ticks than control dogs. However, a causal relationship between these two variables could not be established due to a lack of association between these two findings. Keywords: Proteinuria, Canine, Lyme disease, Anaplasmosis, Glomerulonephritis, Chronic kidney disease, Azotemia
Background Chronic kidney disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs [1]. Some studies showed that renal disease is one of the most frequent causes of death in Bernese mountain dogs and among the diseases associated with the shortest median survival time in this breed [2, 3]. In previous studies, glomerular diseases have been shown to occur more often in Bernese * Correspondence: [email protected] Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University of Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
mountain dogs (BMDs) than in other breeds [4–8]. An increased incidence of glomerulonephritis in BMDs was first described in 1991 in a doctoral thesis at the University of Zurich [9]. In this five-year retrospective study and a following twenty-four months prospective study [9], frequency, etiology, and laboratory parameters of kidney diseases in BMDs were investigated. The histological changes in the kidneys in dogs presented a complex picture of glomerular changes including membranous, mesangioproliferative, membranoproliferative, and chronic-scler
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