Changes in the mycorrhizal fungal community in host roots over five host generations under low and high phosphorus condi
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Changes in the mycorrhizal fungal community in host roots over five host generations under low and high phosphorus conditions Shijun Liu & Jing Xu & Hong Huang & Jiani Zhu & Jianjun Tang & Xin Chen
Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Aims We tested whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community might shift as host plant generations advance under a low phosphorus (P) soil. Methods Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using Medicago truncatula as the host plant, six AMF species, and two soil P levels. Experiment 1 assessed changes in AMF composition in roots and soil during five generations of host plant grown in low-P (5.7 mg kg −1 ) and high-P soil (24.0 mg kg −1 ). Responsible Editor: Janusz J. Zwiazek S. Liu : J. Xu : H. Huang : J. Zhu : J. Tang (*) : X. Chen (*) College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
S. Liu e-mail: [email protected] J. Xu e-mail: [email protected] H. Huang e-mail: [email protected]
Experiment 2 tested the effects of single AMF species on host plant growth in low-P and high-P soil. Results Experiment 1 showed that AMF species composition at the OTU level in roots and soil significantly changed as host generations advanced, and that the pattern of change differed in low-P vs. high-P soil. In low-P soil, the dominant OTU in both roots and soil shifted from OTU-50 (Glomus tortuosum) to OTU-49 (Funneliformis geosporum) as host generations advanced. In high-P soil, the AMF community in roots and soil was dominated by OTU-50 in first two generations but OTU-49 and OTU-50 were co-dominant in the last three generations. Experiment 2 showed that mycorrhizal dependency indices based on plant biomass and P content in plant biomass, and spore numbers were higher in host plants with F. geosporum than other AMF fungal treatments in low-P soil. Conclusion As the host M. truncatula grew in a low-P soil over five generations, AMF community in root and soil shifted to a composition with F. geosporum as dominant species who was effective in foraging for P. Keywords Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi . Host multigenerations . Community change . Mycorrhizal dependency . Low phosphorus environment . Medicago truncatula
J. Zhu e-mail: [email protected] J. Xu The Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form mutualistic associations with about 80% of terrestrial plant
Plant Soil
species (Smith and Smith 2012). In addition to helping host plants forage for nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients, AMF can help host plants adapt to stressful environments (Liu et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2018a; Yu et al. 2020). Because of their ubiquity and presumed low level of host specificity, AMF have been generally believed to interact with each other and to form a community in the roots of hos
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