Changes in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure in Soybean Rhizosphere Soil Assessed at Different Growth St
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FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLE
Changes in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure in Soybean Rhizosphere Soil Assessed at Different Growth Stages of Soybean Reena Buade1 • Dipanti Chourasiya2 • Anil Prakash1 • Mahaveer P. Sharma2
Received: 13 October 2019 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 Ó NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences) 2020
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is the most common type of AMF association colonizing the rhizosphere of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] plants. However, the extent of AMF formation, AMF species composition and diversity at different stages of soybean penology have not yet studied. The current study was aimed to determine AMF species community composition, species distribution and its affinity in the rhizosphere soil of soybean at the different growth stages of soybean. Root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected at different growth stage pre-sowing, nodulation, maturation and harvesting stage from soybean (cultivar JS-335) and were analysed for AMF root colonization, spore diversity, species richness, and relative occurrence of AMF species. The AMF species principally contributing to the crop growth stage was also examined through principal component analysis (PCA). The extent of root length colonized by native AMF (mainly formed arbuscules) in soybean roots was higher at maturation (79.76%) and lowest (25.33%) at nodulation stages, whereas the spore density showed opposite trend. Irrespective of growth stages, a total of 40 AMF morphotypes were observed from which species, viz. Glomus aggregatum, Rhizophagus fasciculatum, Glomus coronatum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus sp (76.92%), were found to be the most frequent and abundant species followed by species of Acaulospora (12.82%) and Gigaspora (10.25%). The Shannon–Weaver index was the range of 3.22, whereas Simpson’s index was 0.95, which indicates the higher diversity of AMF at pre-sowing. The PCA explains the maximum contribution of all AMF species observed at pre-sowing followed by harvesting concludes that AMF diversity and colonization pattern are greatly affected with the soybean phenological growth stages where rhizosphere was found to be mainly dominated by Glomus morphotypes than the Acaulospora and Gigaspora; hence these can be selected for further exploitation in soybean. Keywords Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Diversity Root colonization Soybean growth stages PCA
Introduction
& Anil Prakash [email protected] & Mahaveer P. Sharma [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, India
2
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore 452001, India
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiosis with roots of 80% terrestrial plants [40]. These fungi positively transfer nutrients and minerals from the soil to the plants in exchange for carbon (C) [41] and provide several other benefits to host plants by conferring tolerance against abiotic and biotic stresses [24, 45]. AMF has also been shown to influence plant diversity a
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