Characterisation of LV myocardial exercise function by 2-D strain deformation imaging in elite adolescent footballers
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characterisation of LV myocardial exercise function by 2‑D strain deformation imaging in elite adolescent footballers Guido E. Pieles1,2,3 · Lucy Gowing1 · Diane Ryding4 · Dave Perry4 · Steven R. McNally4 · A. Graham Stuart2 · Craig A. Williams1 Received: 6 June 2019 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose Few data exist on the descriptions of LV myocardial mechanics and reserve during dynamic exercise of adolescent athletes. The aim of this study was to describe the LV myocardial and cardiopulmonary changes during exercise using 2-D strain deformation imaging. Methods Elite adolescent male football players (n = 42) completed simultaneous cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and exercise echocardiography measurement of LV myocardial deformation by 2-D strain imaging. LV longitudinal and circumferential 2-D strain and strain rates were analyzed at each stage during incremental exercise to a work rate of 150 W. Additionally, exercise LV myocardial deformation and its relation to metabolic exercise parameters were evaluated at each exercise stage and in recovery using repeated measures ANOVA, linear regression and paired t tests. Results LV peak systolic baseline 2-D strain (longitudinal: − 15.4 ± 2.5%, circumferential: − 22.5 ± 3.1%) increased with each exercise stage, but longitudinal strain plateaued at 50 W (mean strain reserve − 7.8 ± 3.0) and did not significantly increase compared to subsequent exercise stages (P > 0.05), whilst circumferential strain (mean strain reserve − 11.6 ± 3.3) significantly increased (P
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