Characteristics of faults in the Liangzhuang mining area and their control on karst development in Ordovician limestones
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characteristics of faults in the Liangzhuang mining area and their control on karst development in Ordovician limestones Xingyue Qu1,2 · Longqing Shi1,2 · Weifu Gao3 · Mei Qiu1,2 Accepted: 12 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract On the basis of the analysis of fault distribution characteristics in the Liangzhuang minefield, the site, channel, site distribution, and probability of karst water inrush from the Ordovician limestone affected by fault type, fault drop and fault dip is expounded. First, authors introduce methods of fault influencing factors and fault fractal dimension by synthesizing these faultage elements mentioned above. Next, the quantitative study of fault development characteristics in the Liangzhuang minefield is carried out using nonlinear theory, which reveals the intrinsic relationship between fault and karst fissure developing in the Ordovician limestone. Ultimately, through a combination of microslice identification and macrogeophysical analysis, the horizontal and vertical distribution regularities of Ordovician limestone karst fissures in the Liangzhuang minefield are studied, that is, the horizontal distribution shows discontinuity, and the vertical distribution shows relative continuity from the top interface of Ordovician limestone down the depth from 10 m to 40 m. This research can play an important guiding role in predicting water inrush from the Ordovician limestone karst during mining deep coal seam. Keywords Liangzhuang minefield · Fault distribution · Ordovician limestone karst · Controlling effects
Introduction The coal seams with mining value in China were mainly formed during four coal-accumulating periods: Late Carboniferous–Early Permian, Late Permian, Early Jurassic–Middle Jurassic and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (Chen et al. 2014; Li et al. 2018; Qu et al. 2019). Because the Carboniferous in the North China coalfield and the Permian in the South China coalfield are mainly developed in coastal, tidal flat and lagoon environments (Lv et al. 2014), the multilayer carbonate rocks that developed with different thicknesses in coal-bearing strata can very easily develop karst fissures. In particular, when the water in these karst fissure is connected * Longqing Shi [email protected] 1
College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
2
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Qingdao 266590, China
3
Department of Resource and Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Tai’an 271019, China
with the water in the Ordovician limestone aquifer under the coal seam floor through geological structures, the karst is more developed. As a result, the safety of coal mine production is seriously threatened by water hazards (Sun et al. 2015; Gao et al. 2020). After nearly a century of coal mining in the China coalfield, most of the mines enter the stage of mining deep coal sea
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