Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of shallow groundwater in Suxian mining area, Huaibei coalfie
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Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of shallow groundwater in Suxian mining area, Huaibei coalfield, China Hao Yu1,2 • Herong Gui2 • Honghai Zhao3 • Meichen Wang1,2 • Jun Li4 Hongxia Fang1,2 • Yaqi Jiang1,2 • Yaru Zhang2
•
Received: 24 December 2019 / Revised: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water environmental quality of shallow groundwater in the Suxian mining area of Huaibei coalfield, China. The natural formation process of shallow groundwater in Suxian is explored using Piper trilinear charts and Gibbs diagrams, and by examining the ratios between the major ions. United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) charts, Wilcox diagrams, and the water quality index (WQI) are further employed to quantify the differences in water quality. The results reveal that the main hydrochemical facies of groundwater are HCO3–Ca, and that silicate dissolution is the main factor controlling the ion content in shallow groundwater. The USSL charts and Wilcox diagrams show that most of the water samples would be acceptable for use in irrigation systems. The WQI results for each water sample are compared and analyzed, and the quality of groundwater samples around collapse ponds is found to be relatively poor. Keywords Shallow groundwater Hydrochemical characteristics Water–rock interaction Evaluation of water environment quality Suxian mining area
1 Introduction Groundwater resources are very valuable, and are indispensable for human and agricultural development (Aksoy and Scheytt 2007). More than 1.5 billion people worldwide rely on groundwater for domestic water (Adimalla and Qian 2019); in areas of limited precipitation and surface water resources, groundwater resources are particularly
& Herong Gui [email protected] 1
School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2
National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling (Suzhou University), Suzhou 234000, Anhui, China
3
Anhui Provincial Bureau of Coal Geology Hydrologic Exploration Team, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, China
4
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering of Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 232000, Anhui, China
precious. Poor water quality not only poses a threat to human life and health, but also affects the growth of plants and animals (Zhang et al. 2012). Therefore, it is important to clarify the main factors affecting groundwater quality and water conditions (Sunkari et al. 2019). The Suxian mining area of Huaibei coalfield is a huge area of coal and grain production in China (Huang et al. 2018). The shallow groundwater in the area is often used in daily life (Chen et al. 2008; Qiu et al. 2018), but the wastewater discharged from the mine to the ground in the process of coal mining has the potential to pollute this water source (Lin et al. 2016; Ma and Gui 2017; Xiang et al. 2018) and have an adverse effect on the groundwater
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