Characteristics of the geothermal water in Changbai Mountain volcanic region, northeast of China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Characteristics of the geothermal water in Changbai Mountain volcanic region, northeast of China Baizhong Yan 1,2,3 & ShuWei Qiu 1,2,3 & Zhao Liu 2,3 & Xiao Changlai 1
Received: 9 January 2017 / Accepted: 19 May 2017 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2017
Abstract Geothermal water is plentiful in Changbai Mountain region, northeastern China, due to the volcanic activities and widespread faults. For the exploration of geothermal resources, this study uses quartz and cation geothermometer to estimate the temperatures of the geothermal reservoir and uses the tubular models to evaluate the thermal gradient. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of the geothermal resources were also evaluated by hydrogeochemical analysis. The results showed that the geothermal reservoir temperatures of the four major thermal springs in Changbai Mountain region range from 72 to 169 °C. The average geothermal reservoir temperatures of Jinjiang hot springs, Changbai hot springs I, Xianrenqiao hot springs, and Changbai hot springs II are 129.25, 169, 89, and 73.67 °C, respectively. The geothermal gradient values of the four major thermal springs have different characteristics. The geothermal gradient values of Jinjiang hot springs and Changbai hot springs I are 4.6 and 3.1 °C/100 m, respectively. The geothermal gradient values of Xianrenqiao thermal springs and Changbai thermal springs II are both lower than 1.5 °C/100 m, with the values of 1.1 and 1.4 °C/100 m. And the geothermal gradients are influenced by Changbai Mountain Tianchi volcano. In addition, the * Baizhong Yan [email protected] * Xiao Changlai [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
2
School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
3
Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
water chemical analyses showed that the geothermal water types are HCO3-Na with higher concentrations of Na+, Cl−, SO42−, TDS, and HCO3− than the non-thermal waters, which suggested a deep and long water cycle of the thermal water, and therefore a sufficient water-rock interaction. Keywords Geothermal water . Geothermometer . Geothermal gradient . Hydrochemical characteristics . Changbai Mountain
Introduction With the concern of the environmental problems, the thought of that usage of new energies to replace the fossil fuel attracted a great attention all over the world. It is a serious problem of ecological environment in China due to the use of traditional energy sources, especially the haze weather in the winter. Geothermal energy as a clean and renewable energy has been widely explored. For the geothermal energy exploitation, it is crucial to understand the hydrochemical characteristics and origin of geothermal water, the temperature of geothermal reservoir, and physica
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