Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacteriophage FEC14, a New Member of Genus Kuttervirus
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Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacteriophage FEC14, a New Member of Genus Kuttervirus Congcong Fan1 · Dandan Tie1 · Yanbo Sun1 · Jie Jiang1 · Honglan Huang1 · Yunwei Gong2 · Chunyan Zhao1 Received: 25 February 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important foodborne pathogen that has become a major worldwide factor affecting the public safety of food. Bacteriophage has gradually attracted attention because of its ability to kill specific pathogens. In this study, a lytic phage of E. coli O157:H7, named FEC14, was isolated from hospital sewage. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that phage FEC14 had an isometric head 80 ± 5 nm in diameter and a contractile tail whose terminal spikes present an umbrella-like structure. Phage FEC14 revealed 158,639 bp double-stranded DNA, with the G+C content of 44.6%, 209 ORFs and four tRNAs. Genome DNA of FEC14 could not be digested by some endonucleases. Many of the features of phage FEC14 are very similar to those of the newly classified genus “Kuttervirus”, including morphology, genome size and organization, etc. Phage FEC14 is proposed to be a new isolate of genus “Kuttervirus” within the family Ackermannviridae, moreover, the endonuclease resistance of phage FEC14, has priority over other genera of bacteriophages for its use in biocontrol of foodborne pathogens.
Introduction Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen with its capacity to cause human illness ranging from self-limited watery diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis to fatal manifestations such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [1]. The domestic ruminants (cattle and sheep) are the prime reservoirs for E. coli O157:H7 and are the important resources for foodborne, waterborne, and direct-animal-contact infections [2–4]. This bacterium causes 63,000 foodborne illnesses and approximately 61 deaths per year in the United States [5]. Contamination by E. coli O157:H7 causes huge economic losses and is a global public health problem. Therefore, it is necessary to develop Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02283-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chunyan Zhao [email protected] 1
effective intervention strategies to reduce contamination by E. coli O157:H7 in the “farm-to-fork” chain [6]. Bacteriophages are viruses that kill bacterial cells and are extremely host-specific. As a natural and green technology, the application of phage-based product to reduce levels of some foodborne pathogens has gained remarkable attention [7, 8]. For example, EcoShield™, a phage cocktail approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, significantly reduces the contamination of E. coli O157:H7 on a variety of foods [9]. The levels of this foodborne pathogen have been successfully reduced by 1–4 logs, according to the approach used. Bette
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