Costus stripe mosaic virus, a tentative new member of the genus Potyvirus
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Costus stripe mosaic virus, a tentative new member of the genus Potyvirus M. Amelia V. Alexandre1 · Ligia M. L. Duarte1 · Pedro L. Ramos‑González2 · Alexandre L. R. Chaves1 · Ricardo Harakava2 · Leilane K. Rodrigues1 · Camila Chabi‑Jesus2,3 · E. W. Kitajima3 Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Morphological, biological, serological, and molecular tests underpin the description of costus stripe mosaic virus (CoSMV) as a new member of the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae. Found affecting the native ornamental Costus spiralis in Brazil, the pathogen showed a severely restricted natural and experimental host range. Excluding the poly(A) tail, the CoSMV genome contains a large open reading frame (ORF) of 9,446 nucleotides that encodes a polyprotein with 3,046 amino acids, which is potentially cleaved into ten products, and a small ORF (77 amino acids) knows as PIPO. Genome analysis demonstrated the highest CoSMV nucleotide sequence identity to onion yellow dwarf virus (51.79%). No evidence of recombination was detected in the CoSMV genome, and phylogenetic analysis revealed its basal position in a group formed by members of the genus Potyvirus, along with Cyrtanthus elatus virus A (Vallota speciosa virus) and canna yellow streak virus. CoSMV was not transmitted by aphids of the species Aphis solanella, Myzus persicae or Uroleucon sonchi, which could be due to mutations in the HC-Pro motifs required for aphid transmission. A divergence in the P1 protein cleavage site was found when compared to other members of the family Potyviridae. Based on its unique biological and molecular characteristics and the current species demarcation criteria, we propose CoSMV to be a new tentative member of the genus Potyvirus.
Introduction Plants of the genus Costus, family Costaceae, are widespread in the tropical rainforests of Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The family consists of seven genera and about 120 species, including three genera and 20 species in Brazil, concentrated mainly in the Amazon region. Two species (Costus arabicus and C. spiralis) can also be found throughout the Brazilian Atlantic forest [1], which is considered a hotspot of diversity and endemism [2]. Costus plants are popular in Handling Editor: Stephen John Wylie. * M. Amelia V. Alexandre [email protected] 1
Laboratório de Fitovirologia Fisiopatológica, Instituto Biológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves 1252, São Paulo, SP 04014‑002, Brazil
2
Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves 1252, São Paulo, SP 04014‑002, Brazil
3
Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiróz, USP, CP 09, Piracicaba, SP CEP 13418‑900, Brazil
landscaping because of their beautiful leaves and flowers [3]. They exhibit bracts with colorful appendages forming longlasting inflorescences, sometimes mistakenly called flowers [4]. Plants of some Costus spp., also known as spiral gingers, have exhibited pharmacological acti
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