Characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose-based active films incorporating non-modified and Ag or Cu-modified Cloisite
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose‑based active films incorporating non‑modified and Ag or Cu‑modified Cloisite 30B and montmorillonite nanoclays Seyed Jamaleddin Peighambardoust1 · Sirous Zahed‑Karkaj2 · Seyed Hadi Peighambardoust3 · Yadollah Ebrahimi1 · Donatella Peressini4 Received: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 / Published online: 13 September 2020 © Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute 2020
Abstract Physico-mechanical and antibacterial properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based films incorporating Cloisite 30B (C30B) and montmorillonite (MMT) clay nanoparticles (NPs) modified with Ag and Cu ions were investigated. X-Ray diffraction patterns for modified clays with Ag and Cu ions showed that they were effectively located in the interlayer space of C30B and MMT clay NPs and increased their interlayer spacing. Scanning electron microscopy showed a smooth and homogeneous structure for a pure CMC film. Films containing MMT had coarser and more heterogeneous surface compared to C30B film, suggesting a better dispersion of modified C30B in the matrix of CMC. Mechanical analysis showed that films containing Ag- or Cu-modified C30B NPs exhibited higher tensile strength than that of MMT films. The ultraviolet spectroscopy showed that nanocomposite films containing Ag modified C30B had the highest UV absorption compared to other samples. Water vapor permeability of CMC films loaded by Ag- or Cu-modified C30B and MMT NPs significantly decreased compared to those of non-modified types and control. Microbial tests revealed that Ag-modified clay NPs had significantly higher antibacterial activity than Cu-modified types against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. Films loaded with non-modified C30B NPs had the second most antibacterial effect followed by non-modified MMT NPs and control films. Keywords Antimicrobial · Clay · CMC · Mechanical · Packaging · Physical · Nanocomposite films
Introduction There is a global interest in the development of novel, green and cost-effective packages that preserve food products quality [1]. Most packaging materials are based on * Seyed Jamaleddin Peighambardoust [email protected] * Seyed Hadi Peighambardoust [email protected] 1
Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2
Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
3
Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4
Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
non-degradable plastic polymers causing copious amounts of waste resulting in environmental pollution [2]. Studies have shown that more than half of the waste in the industrialized countries is produced by packaging materials [3]. It is well known that the biodegradability of petroleumbased plastic materials is a very slow process due to their non-polar nature causing a serious environmental problem called white contamination.
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