Characterization of PM 2.5 sources in a Belgrade suburban area: a multi-scale receptor-oriented approach
- PDF / 2,374,027 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 9 Downloads / 163 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Characterization of PM2.5 sources in a Belgrade suburban area: a multi-scale receptor-oriented approach Marija N. Todorović 1 & Mirjana B. Radenković 2
&
Antonije E. Onjia 3 & Ljubiša M. Ignjatović 1
Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Designated as the most harmful for health, PM2.5 aerosol fraction was a subject of our study. It was collected for all four seasons during 2014/15 in the suburban area of Belgrade (Serbia) and analysed for Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, As, Ba and Pb elements and for NH4+, NO3− and SO42− ions by particle-induced X-ray emission and ion chromatography techniques, respectively. Obtained concentrations have been treated by a combination of several receptor-oriented models to reveal source contributions to the suburban PM2.5 at different spatial scales. Applied positive matrix factorization analysis indicated five main groups of emission sources: biomass burning (14.5%), traffic (3.9%), regional combustion/secondary sulphates (28.8%), local combustion/secondary nitrates (29.7%) and soil (5.4%). Local heating units had been pointed out as dominant contributors by long-range transport and ground-wind circulation analyses. Air masses circulating over the Balkan Peninsula denoted regional emissions as responsible for the high concentrations of secondary sulphates. Local and long-range transport analyses combined suggested that the BB and the LC/NO3 originated from the wider urban area. Several Saharan dust episodes were detected as well. Presented results might be a basis for the development of air pollution mitigation strategies in the continental Balkan area, considered one of the most polluted and under-investigated European regions. Keywords PM2.5 . Positive matrix factorization . Long-range atmospheric transport . Source apportionment . Conditional bivariate probability function
Introduction There is a significant association between increased concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and morbidity and mortality of the exposed population (WHO 2016). The toxicity of PM depends on their mass concentration, size, composition,
Responsible Editor: Constantini Samara Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10129-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mirjana B. Radenković [email protected] 1
Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mihajla Petrovica Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia
solubility, oxidative properties, etc. (Xing et al. 2016). Due to their size, fine PM (PM2.5, aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller) can penetrate and accumulate deep inside the respiratory tract (alveolar region) and therefore promote cardiovascular
Data Loading...
