Comparison of Ozone and PM 2.5 Concentrations over Urban, Suburban, and Background Sites in China
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• Original Paper •
Comparison of Ozone and PM2.5 Concentrations over Urban, Suburban, and Background Sites in China Lan GAO1,2, Xu YUE*3, Xiaoyan MENG4, Li DU4, Yadong LEI1,2, Chenguang TIAN1,2, and Liang QIU1,2,5 1Climate
Change Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2University
3Jiangsu
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 4China 5School
National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information and Technology, Chengdu 610225, China (Received 2 March 2020; revised 5 August 2020; accepted 1 September 2020) ABSTRACT
Surface ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are dominant air pollutants in China. Concentrations of these pollutants can show significant differences between urban and nonurban areas. However, such contrast has never been explored on the country level. This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban-to-suburban and urban-tobackground difference for O3 (Δ[O3]) and PM2.5 (Δ[PM2.5]) concentrations in China using monitoring data from 1171 urban, 110 suburban, and 15 background sites built by the China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC). On the annual mean basis, the urban-to-suburban Δ[O3] is −3.7 ppbv in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, 1.0 ppbv in the Yangtze River Delta, −3.5 ppbv in the Pearl River Delta, and −3.8 ppbv in the Sichuan Basin. On the contrary, the urban-to-suburban Δ[PM2.5] is 15.8, −0.3, 3.5 and 2.4 μg m−3 in those areas, respectively. The urban-to-suburban contrast is more significant in winter for both Δ[O3] and Δ[PM2.5]. In eastern China, urban-to-background differences are also moderate during summer, with −5.1 to 6.8 ppbv for Δ[O3] and −0.1 to 22.5 μg m−3 for Δ[PM2.5]. However, such contrasts are much larger in winter, with −22.2 to 5.5 ppbv for Δ[O3] and 3.1 to 82.3 μg m−3 for Δ[PM2.5]. Since the urban region accounts for only 2% of the whole country’s area, the urban-dominant air quality data from the CNEMC network may overestimate winter [PM2.5] but underestimate winter [O3] over the vast domain of China. The study suggests that the CNEMC monitoring data should be used with caution for evaluating chemical models and assessing ecosystem health, which require more data outside urban areas. Key words: ozone, PM2.5, urban, suburban, background Citation: Gao, L., X. Yue, X. Y. Meng, L. Du, Y. D. Lei, C. G. Tian, and L. Qiu, 2020: Comparison of ozone and PM2.5 concentrations over urban, suburban, and background sites in China. Adv. Atmos. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-0200054-2. (in press) Article Highlights:
• The urban-to-suburban and urban-to-background annual mean differences of O3 are −3.8 to 1.0 ppbv an
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