Characterization of raw swine waste and effluents treated anaerobically: parameters for Brazilian environmental regulati
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characterization of raw swine waste and effluents treated anaerobically: parameters for Brazilian environmental regulation construction aiming agricultural use Sarah Mello Leite Moretti1 · Edna Ivani Bertoncini2 · Cassio Hamilton Abreu‑Junior1 Received: 10 February 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In Brazil, swine raw waste from pig stall cleaning (SRW) represents an important water and nutrients sources for crops. However, treatment systems have been searched for to reduce its contaminant loads, making swine effluent agricultural use possible. Therefore, the study purpose was to evaluate agricultural use potential of swine effluents from anaerobic treatment system, considering current legislations. SRW was sieved and treated in anaerobic digester, with hydraulic retention times (HRT) equal to 100, 130, 30, 180 and 210 days. Treated effluent from digester (SEB) was diluted with water (SED) (1:50, v:v), simulating effluent characteristics from a complete treatment system. Chemical, physico-chemical, and microbiological parameters were determined in effluents. There were reductions of 80 to 90% in organic load, P, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Mg contents. There were fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. elimination. Nevertheless, there was other coliform bacteria growth. SEB presented EC, N-NH4+, and Na values higher than standards for agricultural use. Cu and Zn contents of SEB were reduced only when HRT were higher than 100 days. Thus, treated swine effluent use should be regulated by agricultural and environmental criteria established by future legislation, considering most pollutants elements, such as N, Na and pathogens. Keywords Manure · Anaerobic treatment · Nitrogen · Sodium · Agricultural reuse · Legislation
Introduction Brazil is the fourth higher producer and exporter of swine meat, with a herd of 41.1 million pig heads and swine meat production equal to 3.75 million tons [1]. Actually, one of the difficulties faced by swine producers is finding the proper destination of waste generated in large volumes throughout swine production; approximately 75 million cubic meter of swine waste were generated per year, considering the pig Brazilian herd aforementioned. This waste presents high contaminant load, thus, the environmental impacts from an improper destination and agricultural swine waste use have been discussed due to the high organic load and pollutants * Sarah Mello Leite Moretti [email protected] 1
Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, Piracicaba, São Paulo 303, 13400‑070, Brazil
São Paulo’s Agency for Agribusiness Technology, Secretariat of Agriculture and Food Supply of São Paulo State, Rod. SP 127, km 30, C.P. 28, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13400‑970, Brazil
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present that may contaminate soil, surface water, groundwater, and agricultural product. The swine waste is from hygienic-sanitary management adopted for most pig farms in Brazil, which perform pig stall cleaning with
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