Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and Waste Systems
This book seeks to place the main actors in matters of environmental microbiology, namely the microorganisms, on center stage. Using the modern approach of 16S ribosomal RNA, the book looks, in great detail, at the taxonomy of marine and freshwater bacter
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Nduka Okafor
Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and Waste Systems
Nduka Okafor Department of Biological Sciences Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina USA [email protected]
The Author acknowledges that there are instances where he was unable to trace or contact the copyright holder for permission to reproduce selected materials in this volume. The Author has included complete source references for all such materials and takes full responsibility for these matters. If notified, the publisher will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. ISBN 978-94-007-1459-5 e-ISBN 978-94-007-1460-1 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1460-1 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011930674 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This book is dedicated to The Okafor-Ozowalu family of Nri, Anaocha Local Government Area, in the Anambra State of Nigeria, especially grandchildren Chinelo, Ndiya, Kenechukwu, Victor, Toochukwu and Chinedum and Very Rev Fr. Prof Emmanuel M P Edeh, CSSp, OFR, for his contribution in furthering access to education in Nigeria by founding Madonna and Caritas Universities as well several other educational establishments
Preface
This book is a result of the course on environmental microbiology that I taught at the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, USA. The book seeks to place the main actors in matters of environment microbiology, namely, the microorganisms, on center stage. Many first degree courses in microbiology do not cover the detailed taxonomy of microorganisms, which facilitates their being pigeonholed into specific taxonomic niches in the environment. Because of this, the book looks, as much as possible, at the biology, especially the taxonomy, of the microorganisms. To this end, the taxonomy of not only bacteria and fungi, but also protozoa, algae, viruses and even the smaller macroorganisms, such as nematodes and rotifers, which are usually associated with microorganisms in aquatic and waste environments, are also looked at. Viruses are given special attention because, until recently, it was thought they were not important in aquatic environments; the modern understanding is that they are not only abundant, but play a crucial role in the sustenance of the various components of the biological ecosystem in aquatic environments. The book will be useful to a wide range of undergraduates and beginning graduate students in microbiology, general biology, aquatic science, public health and civil (sanitary) e
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