Characterization of the leaf rust responsive ARF genes in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Characterization of the leaf rust responsive ARF genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Saket Chandra1,3 · Lopamudra Satapathy1,4 · Srirupa Basu1 · Shailendra Kumar Jha2 · Manish Kumar1 · Kunal Mukhopadhyay1 Received: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message Genome-wide identification, classification, functional characterization and expression analysis of Auxin Responsive Factor (ARF) gene family in wheat reveal their attributes and role during leaf rust infection. Abstract Auxins are important plant growth regulators that also impact plant-pathogen interaction. Auxin responsive factors (ARF) are plant specific transcription factors that control responses to auxins. Whole genome investigation of ARF gene family is limited in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Comprehensive study of this gene family was carried out by employing the currently available reference genome sequence of wheat. In total, 27 ARF genes were identified and located on the wheat genome as well as were positioned on wheat chromosome arms. Additionally, examination of the predicted genes unveiled a decent degree of relatedness within and among the phylogenetic clades. Leaf rust, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina, is responsible for drastic loss of wheat crop worldwide reducing grain yield by 10–90%. Expression profiling of ARF genes in retort to leaf rust infection indicated their differential regulation during this plant-pathogen interaction. Highest expression of ARF genes were observed at 12 hpi that was maintained up to 72 hpi during incompatible interaction, whereas the high expression levels receded at 48 hpi during compatible interactions. Few of the identified ARF genes were likely to be post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNAs. Many light and stress responsive elements were detected in the promoter regions of ARF genes. Microsynteny analysis showed the conservation of ARF genes within the members of the Poaceae family. This study provides fundamental details for understanding the different types of ARF genes in wheat and there putative roles during leaf rust–wheat interaction. Keywords ARF · Auxin · Leaf rust · Triticum aestivum · Genome-wide study
Communicated by Günther Hahne. Saket Chandra and Lopamudra Satapathy Contributed equally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02591-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kunal Mukhopadhyay [email protected] 1
Department of Bio‑Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
2
Department of Genetics, IARI New Delhi, New Delhi 110012, India
3
Present Address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
4
Present Address: Faculty of Agriculture, Usha Martin University, Angara, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835103, India
Abbreviations TFs Transcription facto
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