Effect of Silicon on Antioxidant Enzymes of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Grown under Salt Stress
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Silicon on Antioxidant Enzymes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown under Salt Stress Ayesha Mushtaq 1 & Zartasha Khan 1 & Sajjida Khan 1 & Sabeena Rizwan 1 & Uzma Jabeen 1 & Farrukh Bashir 1 & Tariq Ismail 2 & Shaista Anjum 2 & Ayeesha Masood 2 Received: 6 January 2020 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a sensitive plant for both biotic and abiotic stresses and directly losses the production rate under these stresses. The beneficial role of silicon has been explored in the beginning of twentieth century. Therefore the current experiment was carried out to explore the effect of silicon on defense system of wheat by antioxidant enzymes assay. Methods In this study two wheat cultivars Umeed and Zarghoon, were grown in soil under salt stress of 100 mM NaCl. The treatments included C1 (Control), C2 (Control + salt), S1 (Na2SiO3) and S2 (Na2SiO3 + Salt). When the fag leaf appeared both the wheat cultivars were compared by estimating their antioxidants enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) and soluble protein in different treatments. Results The soluble proteins and antioxidant enzymes in wheat decreased under salt stress of 100 mM NaCl. Whereas by silicon supplementation in salt stressed wheat plants, improvement in the protein quantity was observed. The application of silicon improved the defense mechanism of plant and increased the antioxidant enzymes which were suppressed by the salt stress. Umeed showed more improvement as compared to Zarghoon variety. Conclusion Overall it was concluded that silicon has helped the wheat plants to mitigate the salt stress by strengthening its defense mechanism which was apparent by superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activity. Keywords Superoxide dismutase . Peroxidase . Catalase . Zarghoon . Umeed . Antioxidants
Abbreviations Si Silicon SOD Superoxide dismutase POD Peroxidase CAT Catalase FGP Final Germination Percentage
1 Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a popular crop all over the world. The main environmental factors that damage the * Ayesha Mushtaq [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta, Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
production of crops are salinity of soil, temperature, unfertile soil and lack of water recourses, but research is underway to overcome these conditions and grow crops in better way with efficient production to fulfill the need of people living in world. Salt stress is an environmental threat for all types of food worldwide. According to (FAO, 2010) the 800 km2 of land is affected by salt stress. Salinity causes ion toxicity in plants and decreases the production of plant. This is caused by the loss of chloroplast activity, metabolic changes such as increased in ROS and decreased in the photosynthetic reactions [1]. The (ROS) reactive oxygen species are highly reactive and causes damage to plan
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