Chasing COVID-19 through SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
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EDITORIAL
Chasing COVID-19 through SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein Shailendra K. Saxena1 • Swatantra Kumar1 • Preeti Baxi2 • Nishant Srivastava3 Bipin Puri1 • R. K. Ratho4
•
Indian Virological Society 2020
Abstract An ongoing pandemic Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by a newly emerged Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has affected millions of people globally. One of the most crucial structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 is the Spike glycoprotein (S-glycoprotein), for which the first de novo modelling was envisaged by our group in early 2020, and was superimposed to its predecessor SARS-CoV S-glycoprotein, to determine structural divergence, glycosylation and antigenic variation between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. S-glycoprotein is involved in binding with the cellular receptor, membrane fusion, internalization via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and tissue tropism. Upon internalization into the target host cells, the viral genome encodes two precursor polypeptides which get processed into 16 mature nonstructural proteins that play a crucial role in replication and transcription of SARS-CoV-2. Currently S-glycoprotein is one of the most vital targets for vaccine and therapeutics development for COVID-19.
& Shailendra K. Saxena [email protected] 1
Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, India
2
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Agriculture University, Raipur 492012, India
3
Department of Biotechnology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut 250005, India
4
Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
Keywords SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Spike glycoprotein Virus-host interaction ACE-2 receptor Abbreviations ACE2 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 APN Aminopeptidase N BALF Broncho-Alveolar Fluid CoV Coronavirus CTL Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte MERS Middle East Respiratory Syndrome NSP Non-structural protein ORF Open Reading Frame RBD Receptor-Binding Domain RBM Receptor Binding Motif RMSD Root Mean Square Deviation SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ssRNA Single-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid TM Transmembrane TMPRSS2 Transmembrane Protease Serine 2
Introduction Numerous cases of pneumonia with novel etiological factors have emerged in Wuhan, Hubei region of China in December 2019 [1–4]. Consequently, the metagenomic sequencing analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples taken from the patient suggested the novel coronavirus (nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan. On January 31, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed this nCoV as a public health emergency of international concern [2, 5]. Considering the high sequence similarity with SARS-CoV, the International Committee on
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Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has renamed this nCoV as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [6]. So far, at least 50 million confirmed cases and *1.2 million deaths have been reported global
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