Vaccine design of coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein in chicken: immunoinformatics and computational approaches
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(2020) 5:13
Translational Medicine Communications
RESEARCH
Open Access
Vaccine design of coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein in chicken: immunoinformatics and computational approaches Eman A. Awadelkareem1 and Sumaia A. Ali2*
Abstract Background: Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens and produces economic loss within the poultry industry. This disease is caused by a single stranded RNA virus belonging to Cronaviridae family. This study aimed to design a potential multi-epitopes vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus spike protein (S). Protein characterization was also performed for IBV spike protein. Methods: The present study used various tools in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) to predict conserved B and T cell epitopes against IBV spike (S) protein that may perform a significant role in provoking the resistance response to IBV infection. Results: In B cell prediction methods, three epitopes (1139KKSSYY1144, 1140KSSYYT1145, 1141SSYYT1145) were selected as surface, linear and antigenic epitopes. Many MHCI and MHCII epitopes were predicted for IBV S protein. Among them 982YYITARDMY990 and 983YITARDMYM991 epitopes displayed high antigenicity, no allergenicity and no toxicity as well as great linkage with MHCI and MHCII alleles. Moreover, docking analysis of MHCI epitopes produced strong binding affinity with BF2 alleles. Conclusion: Five conserved epitopes were expected from spike glycoprotein of IBV as the best B and T cell epitopes due to high antigenicity, no allergenicity and no toxicity. In addition, MHC epitopes showed great linkage with MHC alleles as well as strong interaction with BF2 alleles. These epitopes should be designed and incorporated and then tested as multi-epitope vaccine against IBV. Keywords: IBV, Spike protein, B-and T-cell epitopes, Computational approaches, Vaccine design
Introduction Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a single Positive stranded RNA that belonging to coronavirus of the chicken (Gallus gallus). It’s a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens that’s mainly severe for very young chicks. The signs of illness include tracheal rales, coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge and some strains may cause kidney damage [1, 2]. The disease can be transmitted in * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
respiratory discharges and feces by infected chickens, and it is spread by aerosol, ingestion of contaminated feed and water, and contact with contaminated equipment or clothing. The virus is not transmitted via eggs [3]. The disease causes economic loss within the poultry industry, affecting the performance of meat-type and egg-laying birds. The disease can affect all ages, but the clinical disease is more severe in young chicks. Chicks become more resistant to IBV-induced mortality with the increasing age [4]. There are
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