Chemie in Technik und Umwelt
Kapitel 1 beleuchtet die Basis der Chemie für Lernende an Schulen, Fachschulen und Hochschulen: chemische und physikalische Vorgänge, Stoffbegriff, Trennung von Stoffgemischen, Analyse und Synthese, Legierungen, Lösungen, Übungsaufgaben.
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Chemie Grundlagen, Aufbauwissen, Anwendungen und Experimente 10. Auflage
Chemie
Periode
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Elektronenkonfiguration
[Rn]
[Xe]
[Kr]
[Ar]
[Ne]
[He]
2
1
9,012
4 Be 2s2 +2 Ƒ
24,31
3 Li 2s1 +1 Ŷ
22,99
55,85
VIII 58,93
9
Ŷ
1 14 f …f
1 14 f …f
Actinoide
89
1
Hf
140,9
105 Db*
73 Ta
Ib 63,55
11
d9 II b 65,38
12
d10
p4
14,01
Va
16,00
VI a
p5
19,00
[He] =
VII a
17
p6
2 He 1s2 0 20,18
4,003
0
18
26,98
28,09
30,97
32,06
35,45
39,95
13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar 3s23p1 3s23p2 3s23p3 3s23p4 3s23p5 3s23p6 4 Ɣ -3, 3, 5 Ɣ -2, 2, 4, 6 Ɣ -1,1,3,5,7Ɣ +3 Ƒ 0 69,72 72,63 74,92 78,96 79,90 83,80
144,2
106 Sg*
74 W
(146,9)
107 Bh*
75 Re
150,4
108 Hs*
76 Os
152,0
109 Mt*
77 Ir
157,3
110 Ds*
78 Pt
158,9
111 Rg*
79 Au
162,5
164,9
112 Cn* 113 Uut*
80 Hg
46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe 10 2 4d10 4d105s1 4d 5s 4d105s25p1 4d105s25p2 4d105s25p3 4d105s25p4 4d105s25p5 4d105s25p6 2, 4 Ŷ 1 Ŷ 2 M Ŷ 3 M Ƒ 2, 4 M Ƒ -3, 3, 5 ż -2, 4, 6 ż -1,1,3,5,7Ɣ 0,(2, 4, 6) 195,1 197,0 200,6 204,4 207,2 209,0 (210,0) (210,0) (222,0)
167,3
114 Fl*
168,9
173,1
115 Uup* 116 Lv*
175,0
117 Uus* 118 Uuo*
90 Th*
91 Pa* 92
U* 93
Np*
4
Ŷ
Am* 5f77s2
95
4, 5 Ŷ 3, 4, 5, 6 Ƒ 3, 4, 5, 6 Ƒ 3, 4, 5, 6 Ƒ 3, 4, 5, 6
5f67s2
94 Pu*
3, 4
5f76d17s2
96 Cm*
3, 4
5f97s2
97 Bk*
3
5f107s2
98 Cf*
3
5f117s2
99 Es*
3
5f127s2
2, 3
5f137s2
2, 3
5f147s2
100 Fm* 101 Md* 102 No*
3
5f146d17s2
103 Lr*
58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm* 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu 7 1 2 4f26s2 4f36s2 4f46s2 4f56s2 4f66s2 4f76s2 4f 5d 6s 4f96s2 4f106s2 4f116s2 4f126s2 4f136s2 4f146s2 4f145d16s2 3, 4 Ŷ 3, 4 Ŷ 3 Ŷ 3 Ŷ 2, 3 Ŷ 2, 3 Ŷ 3 Ŷ 3, 4 Ŷ 3 Ŷ 3 Ŷ 3 Ŷ 3 Ŷ 2, 3 Ŷ 3 Ŷ 232,0 231,0 238,0 (237,0) (244,1) (243,1) (247,1) (247,1) (251,1) (252,1) (257,2) (258,1) (259,1) (262,1)
140,1
104 Rf*
72
[Rn] 6d27s2 5f26d17s2 5f36d17s2 5f46d17s2
7
[Xe]
6
2
Ac
2
7s 6d 7s +2 Ŷ +3 Ŷ
2
88 Ra*
1
57 La
58,69
10
d8
12,01
IV a
p3
15 16 Hauptgruppen
5B 6C 7N 8O 9F 10 Ne 2s22p1 2s22p2 2s22p3 2s22p4 2s22p5 2s22p6 +3 Ɣ -4, 2, 4 Ɣ 2,+3,4,5 Ɣ -2 (-1) Ɣ -1 Ɣ 0
10,82
III a
p2
14
81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po* 85 At* 86 Rn* 4f145d10 4f145d10 4f145d10 4f14 5d10 4f14 5d10 4f14 5d10 6s 5d 6s 4f145d26s2 4f145d36s2 4f145d46s2 4f145d56s2 4f145d66s2 4f145d76s2 4f145d96s1 4f145d106s1 4f145d106s2 6s26p1 6s26p2 6s26p3 6s2 6p4 6s2 6p5 6s26p6 +2 Ŷ +3 Ŷ 2, 4 Ŷ 1, 3 Ŷ 1, 2 M Ŷ 1, 3 M Ƒ 2, 4 M Ƒ 3, 5 M Ŷ +4 Ƒ +5 ż 2,3,4,5,6 ż 2, 4, 7 ż 2,3,4,6,8 ż 1,2,3,4,6 Ŷ 2, 4 ż -1,1,3,5,7Ɣ 0, (2) (226,0) 227,0 (261) (262) (266) (264) (277) (268) (281) (272) (285) (284) (289) (288) (293) (294) (294)
2
Lanthanoide
7s +1
1
87 Fr*
+1 Ŷ (233,0)
6s
1
56 Ba
VII b 54,94
8
d7
p1
13
24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr 10 2 3d54s2 3d64s2 3d74s2 3d84s2 3d54s1 3d104s1 3d 4s 3d104s24p1 3d104s24p2 3d104s24p3 3d104s24p4 3d104s24p5 3d104s24p6 2, 3 Ŷ 1, 2 Ŷ 2 M Ƒ +3 M Ƒ 2, 3, 6 ż 2,3,4,6,7ż 2, 3, 6 Ƒ 2, 3 Ƒ 4 Ƒ -3, 3, 5 ż -2, 4, 6 Ɣ -1,1,3,
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