Chemo-Mechanical Interactions in Geological and Biological Materials: examples
Examples of chemo-mechanical couplings are presented briefly. First, the notion of a semi-impermeable membrane is introduced together with the concept of osmosis. Chemical contraction and swelling are illustrated in chemically sensitive clays and articula
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Series Editors: The Rectors Manuel Garcia Velarde - Madrid Jean Salen~on- Palaiseau Wilhelm Schneider - Wien
The Secretary General Bernhard Schrefler - Padua
Executive Editor Carlo Tasso - U dine
The series presents lecture notes, monographs, edited works and proceedings in the field of Mechanics, Engineering, Computer Science and Applied Mathematics. Purpose of the series is to make known in the international scientific and technical community results obtained in some of the activities organized by CISM, the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences.
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR MECHANICAL SCIENCES COURSESAND LECTURES - No. 462
CHEMO-MECHANICAL COUPLINGS IN POROUS MEDIA GEOMECHANICS AND BIOMECHANICS EDITED BY BENJAMIN LORET INSTITUT NATIONAL POLYTECHNIQUE DE GRENOBLE JACQUES M. HUYGHE EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
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Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH
The publication of this volume was co-sponsored and co-financed by the UNESCO Venice Office - Regional Bureau for Science in Europe (ROSTE) and its content corresponds to a CISM Advanced Course supported by the same UNESCO Regional Bureau.
This volume contains 190 illustrations
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 2004 by Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien New York in 2004 SPIN 10995044
In order to make this volume available as economically and as rapidly as possible the authors' typescripts have been reproduced in their original forms. This method unfortunately has its typographicallimitations but it is hoped that they in no way distract the reader.
ISBN 978-3-211-21323-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2778-0
ISBN 978-3-7091-2778-0 (eBook)
PREFACE
The CISM course on Chemo-Mechanical Couplings In Porous Media - Geomechanics and Biomechanics was held in Udine, June 23-21, 2003. The objective of the course is to gather a ftoor of experimentalists, modelers and engineers interested in different physical, chemical, mechanical and transport aspects of biological tissues, namely cornea, articular cartilage and intervertebral disc, and chemically active geological materials, mainly clays and shales. The focus is on the couplings between the electro-chemical and the mechanical aspects involved in swelling and chemical consolidation. Particular emphasis is laid on the inftuence of these phenomena on the mechanical properlies and on the transport properties, with a view towards engineering applications, such as - slope stability of chemically active clays; - use of clays as barriers to store municipal and nuclear wastes, and - understanding of pathologies, of natural or artificial repairs, consequences of surgery; - development of adequate prostheses, and - of artificial muscles via electro-active polymers of biological and industrial interests, such as polymer gels. The mechanical behaviour of swell
